Azure Pipelines Node.js应用构建管道报错及YAML修改咨询

我已在Azure Repos中部署了Node.js应用，尝试为其创建构建管道。选择Azure Pipelines中的Node.js环境后生成了如下YAML代码，但加载时出现错误：

An error occurred while loading the YAML build pipeline. The string must have at least one character. Parameter name: environmentName

原YAML代码：

# Node.js Express Web App to Linux on Azure
# Build a Node.js Express app and deploy it to Azure as a Linux web app.
# Add steps that analyze code, save build artifacts, deploy, and more:
# https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/devops/pipelines/languages/javascript

trigger:
- main

variables:

  # Azure Resource Manager connection created during pipeline creation
  azureSubscription: 'dfa61147-3cd3-4618-9610-ac53db20a0e0'

  # Web app name
  webAppName: ''

  # Environment name
  environmentName: ''

  # Agent VM image name
  vmImageName: 'ubuntu-latest'

stages:
- stage: Build
  displayName: Build stage
  jobs:
  - job: Build
    displayName: Build
    pool:
      vmImage: $(vmImageName)

    steps:
    - task: NodeTool@0
      inputs:
        versionSpec: '10.x'
      displayName: 'Install Node.js'

    - script: |
        npm install
        npm run build --if-present
        npm run test --if-present
      displayName: 'npm install, build and test'

    - task: ArchiveFiles@2
      displayName: 'Archive files'
      inputs:
        rootFolderOrFile: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)'
        includeRootFolder: false
        archiveType: zip
        archiveFile: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/$(Build.BuildId).zip
        replaceExistingArchive: true

    - upload: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/$(Build.BuildId).zip
      artifact: drop

- stage: Deploy
  displayName: Deploy stage
  dependsOn: Build
  condition: succeeded()
  jobs:
  - deployment: Deploy
    displayName: Deploy
    environment: $(environmentName)
    pool:
      vmImage: $(vmImageName)
    strategy:
      runOnce:
        deploy:
          steps:
          - task: AzureWebApp@1
            displayName: 'Azure Web App Deploy: '
            inputs:
              azureSubscription: $(azureSubscription)
              appType: webAppLinux
              appName: $(webAppName)
              runtimeStack: 'NODE|10.10'
              package: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/drop/$(Build.BuildId).zip
              startUpCommand: 'npm run start'

修改方案 #

1. 填充必填变量值 #

报错的直接原因是environmentName为空字符串，同时webAppName也未赋值，这两个都是部署环节的必填参数：

• webAppName：替换为你在Azure Portal中创建的Web应用的名称
• environmentName：替换为你的部署环境名称（比如Production、Staging，或者直接使用Azure Web App对应的环境名）

2. （可选）更新Node.js版本 #

原代码使用的Node.js 10.x已停止维护，建议升级到稳定的新版本（比如18.x），需要修改两处：

• NodeTool@0任务的versionSpec参数
• AzureWebApp@1任务的runtimeStack参数

修改后的完整YAML示例 #

# Node.js Express Web App to Linux on Azure
# Build a Node.js Express app and deploy it to Azure as a Linux web app.

trigger:
- main

variables:

  # Azure Resource Manager connection created during pipeline creation
  azureSubscription: 'dfa61147-3cd3-4618-9610-ac53db20a0e0'

  # Web app name - 替换为你的实际Web应用名称
  webAppName: 'your-actual-webapp-name'

  # Environment name - 替换为你的实际环境名称
  environmentName: 'Production'

  # Agent VM image name
  vmImageName: 'ubuntu-latest'

stages:
- stage: Build
  displayName: Build stage
  jobs:
  - job: Build
    displayName: Build
    pool:
      vmImage: $(vmImageName)

    steps:
    - task: NodeTool@0
      inputs:
        versionSpec: '18.x'
      displayName: 'Install Node.js'

    - script: |
        npm install
        npm run build --if-present
        npm run test --if-present
      displayName: 'npm install, build and test'

    - task: ArchiveFiles@2
      displayName: 'Archive files'
      inputs:
        rootFolderOrFile: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)'
        includeRootFolder: false
        archiveType: zip
        archiveFile: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/$(Build.BuildId).zip
        replaceExistingArchive: true

    - upload: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/$(Build.BuildId).zip
      artifact: drop

- stage: Deploy
  displayName: Deploy stage
  dependsOn: Build
  condition: succeeded()
  jobs:
  - deployment: Deploy
    displayName: Deploy
    environment: $(environmentName)
    pool:
      vmImage: $(vmImageName)
    strategy:
      runOnce:
        deploy:
          steps:
          - task: AzureWebApp@1
            displayName: 'Azure Web App Deploy: '
            inputs:
              azureSubscription: $(azureSubscription)
              appType: webAppLinux
              appName: $(webAppName)
              runtimeStack: 'NODE|18-lts'
              package: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/drop/$(Build.BuildId).zip
              startUpCommand: 'npm run start'

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者kichu