pip无法安装任何包，安装Django时出现ReadTimeoutError报错

我在学习开发网站时，尝试在虚拟环境中执行pip install django安装Django，但终端反复出现超时错误，最终触发OSError。

报错信息 #

WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/1d/23/02f3795a71196019bcfec4c67890a6369e43b023474154fa0b2b7060346d/Django-5.0.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/1d/23/02f3795a71196019bcfec4c67890a6369e43b023474154fa0b2b7060346d/Django-5.0.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/1d/23/02f3795a71196019bcfec4c67890a6369e43b023474154fa0b2b7060346d/Django-5.0.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/1d/23/02f3795a71196019bcfec4c67890a6369e43b023474154fa0b2b7060346d/Django-5.0.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/1d/23/02f3795a71196019bcfec4c67890a6369e43b023474154fa0b2b7060346d/Django-5.0.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/1d/23/02f3795a71196019bcfec4c67890a6369e43b023474154fa0b2b7060346d/Django-5.0.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (Caused by ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)"))

已尝试的无效方案 #

• 重装Python
• 在虚拟环境外安装Django
• 尝试安装其他包排查是否为Django的问题
• 切换CMD、Powershell执行命令

这类问题本质是pip默认的PyPI源访问超时，以下是几种直接有效的解决办法：

1. 增加pip超时时间 #

执行安装命令时延长超时阈值，给足够时间完成下载：

pip install django --timeout=60

如果还是超时，可以继续加大数值，比如--timeout=120。

2. 使用国内PyPI镜像源 #

国内镜像源访问速度更快，推荐使用：

# 临时使用清华镜像安装Django
pip install django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

如果想长期使用国内源，可配置pip默认源：

• 在用户目录下创建pip文件夹（Windows路径：C:\Users\你的用户名\pip）
• 新建pip.ini文件，写入以下内容：

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

之后执行pip install django就会自动用清华源下载。

3. 手动下载whl包安装 #

如果上述方法都不行，可直接下载Django的whl包本地安装：

1. 找到对应Python版本的Django whl包（比如Django-5.0.6-py3-none-any.whl）
2. 下载到本地后，进入文件所在目录，执行：

pip install Django-5.0.6-py3-none-any.whl

4. 检查网络环境 #

确认当前网络是否能正常访问外网，或者尝试切换网络（比如从WiFi换成手机热点），排除网络本身的限制。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ali Akbar Nemati