Spring Boot+Docker部署Postgres遇连接超时及容器自动关闭问题

环境与配置 #

• 系统：Ubuntu
• Spring Boot版本：3.3.0
• Docker版本：26.1.3 (build b72abbb)
• 使用spring-boot-docker-compose实现启动时自动拉起Docker镜像

核心配置文件 #

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-docker-compose</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

Dockerfile

# Use the Amazon Corretto 21 base image
FROM amazoncorretto:21.0.3

# Create a volume for temporary files
VOLUME /tmp

# Arguments for the JAR file to be copied
ARG JAR_FILE=target/*.jar

EXPOSE 8080
EXPOSE 5432

# Copy the JAR file into the Docker image
COPY ${JAR_FILE} /app.jar

# Set the entry point for the container to run the application
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

docker-compose.yml

version: '3.8'
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "8081:8080"
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: dev
    network_mode: host
  postgres:
    image: postgres:latest
    restart: on-failure
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=expiry_service_db
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres
      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
    ports:
      - "5431:5432"
    network_mode: host

application.properties

spring.application.name=expiry-service
server.port=8080
# expiry_service datasource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.postgresql.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/expiry_service_db
spring.datasource.username=postgres
spring.datasource.password=postgres
#spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
spring.jpa.database-platform=postgres
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

问题现象 #

启动Spring Boot应用后，Tomcat在8080端口启动，Docker Desktop显示app和postgres容器已运行，但等待约2分钟后，两个容器均停止。

容器日志 #

postgres-1  | 2024-06-07 12:05:29.558 UTC [1] LOG:  received fast shutdown request
postgres-1  | 2024-06-07 12:05:29.566 UTC [39] FATAL:  terminating connection due to administrator command
postgres-1  | 2024-06-07 12:05:29.566 UTC [1] LOG:  background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 32) exited with exit code 1
postgres-1  | 2024-06-07 12:05:29.569 UTC [27] LOG:  shutting down
postgres-1  | 2024-06-07 12:05:29.572 UTC [27] LOG:  checkpoint starting: shutdown immediate
app-1       | 2024-06-07T12:05:29.576Z  INFO 1 --- [expiry-service] [ionShutdownHook] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
postgres-1  | 2024-06-07 12:05:29.600 UTC [1] LOG:  database system is shut down
postgres-1 exited with code 0

Spring Boot日志 #

org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.lifecycle.ReadinessTimeoutException: Readiness timeout of PT2M reached while waiting for services [expiry-service-app-1]
    at org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.lifecycle.ServiceReadinessChecks.waitUntilReady(ServiceReadinessChecks.java:83) ~[spring-boot-docker-compose-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]

Suppressed: org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.lifecycle.ServiceNotReadyException: IOException while connecting to port 8080

    Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused

问题解答 #

1. 能否通过POSTGRES_DB参数自动创建数据库？ #

可以。Postgres官方镜像原生支持通过POSTGRES_DB、POSTGRES_USER、POSTGRES_PASSWORD三个参数的组合，在容器首次启动时自动创建指定名称的数据库，并将该数据库设为POSTGRES_USER的默认数据库。你当前的docker-compose.yml已完整配置这三个参数，所以expiry_service_db应该会被自动创建，这个环节不存在问题。

2. 数据库为何自动关闭？ #

容器自动关闭的核心原因是Spring Boot Docker Compose的就绪检查超时，触发了所有关联容器的自动停止，而就绪检查失败的根源是应用服务（app）未能正常启动并监听8080端口，具体问题出在以下配置冲突：

• network_mode: host导致的端口与网络问题
  host模式下容器直接复用主机网络栈，ports配置会被忽略：

  • 对于postgres：你配置的5431:5432端口映射无效，容器会直接占用主机的5432端口。如果主机5432端口被其他进程占用，postgres启动会失败；即使启动成功，若postgres启动速度慢于应用，应用会因无法连接数据库而启动失败。
  • 对于app：容器的8080端口直接使用主机8080端口，若主机该端口已被占用，应用无法启动，导致Spring Boot Docker Compose的就绪检查（默认监听8080端口）无法连接，触发2分钟超时后关闭所有容器。

• 缺少服务依赖与健康检查
  未配置app服务等待postgres就绪的逻辑，应用会在postgres完全启动前尝试连接，导致连接失败进而启动失败，端口无法监听，最终触发就绪检查超时。

修复建议

1. 移除network_mode: host
   使用Docker默认桥接网络，服务间可通过服务名（如postgres）访问，同时修改application.properties的数据库URL：

   spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/expiry_service_db
   

2. 配置服务依赖与健康检查
   在docker-compose.yml中添加依赖关系与postgres健康检查，确保postgres就绪后再启动app：

   version: '3.8'
   services:
     app:
       build:
         context: .
         dockerfile: Dockerfile
       ports:
         - "8081:8080"
       environment:
         SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: dev
       depends_on:
         postgres:
           condition: service_healthy
     postgres:
       image: postgres:latest
       restart: on-failure
       environment:
         - POSTGRES_DB=expiry_service_db
         - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres
         - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
       ports:
         - "5431:5432"
       healthcheck:
         test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres -d expiry_service_db"]
         interval: 5s
         timeout: 5s
         retries: 5
   

3. 调整数据库连接超时配置
   在application.properties中增加连接池超时设置，给数据库足够的启动时间：

   spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=30000
   spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=10
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Richard