Android API34下background_location包触发RECEIVER_EXPORTED安全异常求助

错误日志 #

D/AndroidRuntime(22315): Shutting down VM
E/AndroidRuntime(22315): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
E/AndroidRuntime(22315): Process: com.throttle.app.throttlemvp, PID: 22315
E/AndroidRuntime(22315): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to create service com.almoullim.background_location.LocationUpdatesService: java.lang.SecurityException: com.throttle.app.throttlemvp: One of RECEIVER_EXPORTED or RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED should be specified when a receiver isn't being registered exclusively for system broadcasts
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleCreateService(ActivityThread.java:4878)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.ActivityThread.-$$Nest$mhandleCreateService(Unknown Source:0)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2365)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:107)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:232)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:317)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:8501)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:552)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:878)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315): Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: com.throttle.app.throttlemvp: One of RECEIVER_EXPORTED or RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED should be specified when a receiver isn't being registered exclusively for system broadcasts
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Parcel.createExceptionOrNull(Parcel.java:3182)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Parcel.createException(Parcel.java:3166)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:3149)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:3091)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub$Proxy.registerReceiverWithFeature(IActivityManager.java:5784)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal(ContextImpl.java:1853)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.ContextImpl.registerReceiver(ContextImpl.java:1793)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.ContextImpl.registerReceiver(ContextImpl.java:1781)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.content.ContextWrapper.registerReceiver(ContextWrapper.java:756)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at com.almoullim.background_location.LocationUpdatesService.onCreate(LocationUpdatesService.kt:154)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleCreateService(ActivityThread.java:4865)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    ... 9 more
E/AndroidRuntime(22315): Caused by: android.os.RemoteException: Remote stack trace:
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.registerReceiverWithFeature(ActivityManagerService.java:14337)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact(IActivityManager.java:2615)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onTransact(ActivityManagerService.java:2798)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Binder.execTransactInternal(Binder.java:1496)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315):    at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:1440)
E/AndroidRuntime(22315): 
Lost connection to device.

问题描述 #

使用background_location包搭配后台服务实现后台定位功能，运行应用时崩溃，抛出上述SecurityException错误。原本期望后台定位能正常运行并周期性推送位置更新。

后台服务代码 #

import 'dart:async';

import 'package:background_location/background_location.dart';
import 'package:firebase_database/firebase_database.dart';
import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
//import 'package:location/location.dart' ;
import 'package:flutter_background_service/flutter_background_service.dart';
import 'package:flutter_background_service_android/flutter_background_service_android.dart';
import 'package:google_maps_flutter/google_maps_flutter.dart';

import 'globalVariables.dart';

final service = FlutterBackgroundService();
LatLng? _pUserLoc;


Future<void> getLocationUpdates() async{
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  BackgroundLocation.setAndroidConfiguration(1000);
  BackgroundLocation.stopLocationService();
  BackgroundLocation.startLocationService();


  BackgroundLocation.getLocationUpdates((currentLocation) {
    if(currentLocation.latitude != null &&
        currentLocation.longitude != null){
      _pUserLoc = LatLng(currentLocation.latitude!, currentLocation.longitude!);
      updateDatabaseRide(_pUserLoc!);
      if (kDebugMode) {
        print(_pUserLoc);
      }
  }});

}

Future<void> updateDatabaseRide(LatLng pos) async{
  DatabaseReference ref = FirebaseDatabase.instance.ref("bikers/$rideCode/$userName");

  await ref.update({
    "lat": pos.latitude,
    "lng": pos.longitude,
  });
}

Future<void> initializeService() async{
  await service.configure(
      iosConfiguration: IosConfiguration(
        autoStart: true,
        onForeground: onStart,
        onBackground: onIosBackground,
      ),
      androidConfiguration: AndroidConfiguration(
          onStart: onStart,
          isForegroundMode: true,
          autoStart: true
      )
  );
}

@pragma('vm:entry-point')
Future<bool> onIosBackground(ServiceInstance service) async{
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  //DartPluginRegistrant.ensureInitialized();
  return true;
}

@pragma('vm:entry-point')
void onStart(ServiceInstance service) async{
  //DartPluginRegistrant.ensureInitialized();
  if(service is AndroidServiceInstance){
    service.on('setAsForeground').listen((event) {service.setAsForegroundService();});
  }
  service.on('stopService').listen((event) {service.stopSelf();});


  Timer.periodic(const Duration(seconds: 1),(timer) async{
    if(service is AndroidServiceInstance){
      if(await service.isForegroundService()){
        service.setForegroundNotificationInfo(title: "Foreground Notification", content: "If you see this, your phone is super sensitive");
      }
    }
    getLocationUpdates();
    if (kDebugMode) {
      print("background service running");
    }
    service.invoke("update");
  });

}

已尝试的解决方案 #

试过针对Android API 34的RECEIVER_EXPORTED/RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED相关解决方案，但未解决问题。

解决办法 #

1. 升级依赖包版本 #

background_location旧版本未适配Android 14（API 34）的广播接收器权限要求，直接升级到该包的最新稳定版，通常官方会修复这类系统适配问题。

2. 手动修改安卓原生代码（包未更新时） #

如果无法升级包，找到background_location依赖中的LocationUpdatesService.kt文件（错误提示第154行），修改广播接收器注册代码：

// 原注册代码
registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter)
// 修改为（根据需求选其一）
registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter, Context.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED)
// 或需要接收外部广播时用
registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter, Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED)

3. 修复代码中的重复启停问题 #

你的定时器每1秒调用一次getLocationUpdates()，每次都会启停定位服务，这会频繁触发系统操作，加剧崩溃风险。修改代码只初始化一次定位服务：

@pragma('vm:entry-point')
void onStart(ServiceInstance service) async{
  if(service is AndroidServiceInstance){
    service.on('setAsForeground').listen((event) {service.setAsForegroundService();});
  }
  service.on('stopService').listen((event) {service.stopSelf();});

  // 只初始化一次定位服务
  await getLocationUpdates();

  Timer.periodic(const Duration(seconds: 1),(timer) async{
    if(service is AndroidServiceInstance){
      if(await service.isForegroundService()){
        service.setForegroundNotificationInfo(title: "Foreground Notification", content: "If you see this, your phone is super sensitive");
      }
    }
    if (kDebugMode) {
      print("background service running");
    }
    service.invoke("update");
  });
}

// 修改getLocationUpdates方法
Future<void> getLocationUpdates() async{
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  BackgroundLocation.setAndroidConfiguration(1000);
  // 仅启动一次服务，无需反复启停
  await BackgroundLocation.startLocationService();

  BackgroundLocation.getLocationUpdates((currentLocation) {
    if(currentLocation.latitude != null &&
        currentLocation.longitude != null){
      _pUserLoc = LatLng(currentLocation.latitude!, currentLocation.longitude!);
      updateDatabaseRide(_pUserLoc!);
      if (kDebugMode) {
        print(_pUserLoc);
      }
  }});
}

4. 切换替代包 #

如果background_location长期未维护，建议替换为geolocator这类活跃维护的定位包，它会及时适配最新安卓系统要求，稳定性更强。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Garvin Chanderia