如何通过API或PowerShell实现本地文件自动上传至SharePoint 2019本地版文档库

针对你的需求，完全可以通过PowerShell脚本或**SharePoint API（CSOM/REST）**实现本地文件夹到文档库的自动上传，以下是具体实现方案：

一、PowerShell方案（基于CSOM） #

该方案利用SharePoint Client Side Object Model（CSOM）实现批量上传，支持递归处理子文件夹，适合快速自动化场景。

实现脚本 #

# 加载SharePoint CSOM程序集（路径对应SharePoint 2019安装目录）
Add-Type -Path "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\16\ISAPI\Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.dll"
Add-Type -Path "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\16\ISAPI\Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Runtime.dll"

# 配置参数
$siteUrl = "http://你的SharePoint站点URL"
$libraryName = "目标文档库名称"
$localFolderPath = "C:\folder"
$username = "域账号（格式：domain\username）"
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString "你的密码" -AsPlainText -Force
$credential = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential($username, $password)

# 创建客户端上下文
$context = New-Object Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.ClientContext($siteUrl)
$context.Credentials = $credential

# 获取目标文档库
$library = $context.Web.Lists.GetByTitle($libraryName)
$context.Load($library)
$context.ExecuteQuery()

# 递归上传文件及子文件夹函数
function Upload-FileToSP {
    param(
        [string]$localPath,
        [Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Folder]$spFolder
    )

    $items = Get-ChildItem -Path $localPath
    foreach ($item in $items) {
        if ($item.PSIsContainer) {
            # 在SharePoint创建对应子文件夹
            $newSpFolder = $spFolder.Folders.Add($item.Name)
            $context.Load($newSpFolder)
            $context.ExecuteQuery()
            # 递归处理子文件夹内容
            Upload-FileToSP -localPath $item.FullName -spFolder $newSpFolder
        } else {
            # 读取本地文件内容并上传
            $fileContent = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($item.FullName)
            $fileCreationInfo = New-Object Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.FileCreationInformation
            $fileCreationInfo.Content = $fileContent
            $fileCreationInfo.Url = $item.Name
            $fileCreationInfo.Overwrite = $true # 覆盖已存在文件

            $uploadedFile = $spFolder.Files.Add($fileCreationInfo)
            $context.Load($uploadedFile)
            $context.ExecuteQuery()
            Write-Host "已完成上传: $($item.FullName) -> $($spFolder.ServerRelativeUrl)/$($item.Name)"
        }
    }
}

# 启动上传
$rootFolder = $library.RootFolder
Upload-FileToSP -localPath $localFolderPath -spFolder $rootFolder

Write-Host "所有文件上传完成"

注意事项 #

• 确保CSOM程序集路径正确（16对应SharePoint 2019，若为2016则是15）
• 执行脚本的账号需具备目标文档库的编辑权限
• 若上传大文件（超过2GB），需改用File.SaveBinaryDirect方法实现分片上传

二、API方案（CSOM C#/REST） #

1. CSOM C#实现 #

适合集成到自定义应用程序中，逻辑与PowerShell一致，支持更复杂的业务扩展。

using Microsoft.SharePoint.Client;
using System;
using System.IO;

namespace SharePointUploader
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string siteUrl = "http://你的SharePoint站点URL";
            string libraryName = "目标文档库名称";
            string localFolderPath = @"C:\folder";
            string username = "domain\\username";
            string password = "你的密码";

            using (ClientContext context = new ClientContext(siteUrl))
            {
                // 配置身份验证
                context.Credentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential(username, password);

                // 获取文档库根文件夹
                List targetLibrary = context.Web.Lists.GetByTitle(libraryName);
                context.Load(targetLibrary.RootFolder);
                context.ExecuteQuery();

                // 递归上传文件夹内容
                UploadFolderContents(localFolderPath, targetLibrary.RootFolder, context);

                Console.WriteLine("文件上传完成");
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }

        static void UploadFolderContents(string localFolderPath, Folder spFolder, ClientContext context)
        {
            DirectoryInfo dirInfo = new DirectoryInfo(localFolderPath);

            // 上传当前文件夹下所有文件
            foreach (FileInfo fileInfo in dirInfo.GetFiles())
            {
                using (FileStream fs = fileInfo.OpenRead())
                {
                    FileCreationInformation fileCreationInfo = new FileCreationInformation
                    {
                        ContentStream = fs,
                        Url = fileInfo.Name,
                        Overwrite = true
                    };

                    Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.File uploadedFile = spFolder.Files.Add(fileCreationInfo);
                    context.Load(uploadedFile);
                    context.ExecuteQuery();

                    Console.WriteLine($"已上传: {fileInfo.FullName} -> {spFolder.ServerRelativeUrl}/{fileInfo.Name}");
                }
            }

            // 处理子文件夹
            foreach (DirectoryInfo subDirInfo in dirInfo.GetDirectories())
            {
                Folder newSpFolder = spFolder.Folders.Add(subDirInfo.Name);
                context.Load(newSpFolder);
                context.ExecuteQuery();

                UploadFolderContents(subDirInfo.FullName, newSpFolder, context);
            }
        }
    }
}

2. REST API实现 #

通过HTTP请求直接调用SharePoint REST接口，适合无CSOM环境的场景，示例用PowerShell调用：

$siteUrl = "http://你的SharePoint站点URL"
$libraryApiUrl = "$siteUrl/_api/web/lists/getbytitle('目标文档库名称')/rootfolder"
$localFilePath = "C:\folder\file.txt"
$targetFileName = "file.txt"
$username = "domain\username"
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString "你的密码" -AsPlainText -Force
$credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($username, $password)

# 读取文件并转为Base64编码
$fileBytes = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($localFilePath)
$base64Content = [Convert]::ToBase64String($fileBytes)

# 构建请求体
$requestBody = @{
    __metadata = @{ type = "SP.File" }
    Content = $base64Content
    Overwrite = $true
} | ConvertTo-Json

# 发送POST请求上传文件
Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "$libraryApiUrl/files/add(overwrite=true,url='$targetFileName')" `
    -Method Post `
    -Credential $credential `
    -Headers @{ 
        "Accept" = "application/json;odata=verbose"
        "Content-Type" = "application/json;odata=verbose"
    } `
    -Body $requestBody

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者GrandGTO