Django Fixture文件中model字段应指向何处？加载失败求助

我尝试用JSON fixture填充Movie模型，但不确定其中的model字段应指向什么。我认为它应该指向模型所在位置，但加载文件时始终报错：Problem installing fixture '/workspace/django-film-club/film/fixtures/films.json'。

相关代码 #

film/fixtures/films.json #

[
    {
        "model": "film.movie",
        "pk": null,
        "fields": {
            "title": "Django Unchained",
            "slug": "django-unchained",
            "year": 2012,
            "genre": "WESTERN",
            "synopsis": "<p>With the help of a German bounty-hunter, a freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal plantation owner in Mississippi.<p>",
            "director": "Quentin Tarantino",
            "excerpt": "A freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal plantation owner in Mississippi.",
            "added_on": "2024-06-01T09:43:19.754Z"
        }
    },
]

film/models.py #

class Movie(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200, unique=True)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=200, unique=True)
    year = models.IntegerField(('year'), default=datetime.datetime.now().year)
    genre = models.CharField(max_length=15, choices=GENRE_CHOICES, default='horror')
    synopsis = models.TextField()
    director = models.CharField(max_length=200, unique=True)
    excerpt = models.TextField(blank=True)
    added_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

问题排查与解决步骤 #

• 确认model字段格式：你写的"model": "film.movie"是正确的，格式为[app标签].[模型类名小写]，这里app是film，模型类Movie小写后为movie，这部分没问题。
• 修复JSON语法错误：JSON数组最后一个对象末尾多了逗号（},]），这会导致解析失败。修改后移除该逗号：

  [
      {
          "model": "film.movie",
          "pk": null,
          "fields": {
              "title": "Django Unchained",
              "slug": "django-unchained",
              "year": 2012,
              "genre": "WESTERN",
              "synopsis": "<p>With the help of a German bounty-hunter, a freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal plantation owner in Mississippi.<p>",
              "director": "Quentin Tarantino",
              "excerpt": "A freed slave sets out to rescue his wife from a brutal plantation owner in Mississippi.",
              "added_on": "2024-06-01T09:43:19.754Z"
          }
      }
  ]
  

• 匹配genre选项值：检查GENRE_CHOICES定义，确保"WESTERN"是其中的有效值（注意大小写一致），如果选项是小写'western'，则需要同步修改fixture中的值。
• 移除自动生成字段的手动赋值：added_on设置了auto_now_add=True，会自动生成时间，建议从fixture的fields中删除该字段，避免冲突。
• 检查唯一性约束：title、slug、director都有unique=True，确保fixture中的值在数据库中无重复，否则会触发唯一性错误。
• 查看详细错误日志：加载时添加--verbosity 2参数获取详细报错，精准定位问题：

  python manage.py loaddata film/fixtures/films.json --verbosity 2
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mus Ali