GitHub Actions+Poetry构建失败：调用build_wheel时后端子进程退出

问题背景 #

使用Poetry进行依赖管理的GitHub Actions工作流此前运行正常，近期突然在虚拟环境创建和包安装步骤失败，未修改过工作流文件。相关环境信息：

• GitHub Actions runner 使用 Python 3.10.14
• 已尝试安装最新版 wheel 和 setuptools，问题未解决

完整错误日志 #

[virtualenv] create virtual environment via CPython3Posix(dest=/tmp/tmp0id2fedr/.venv, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0128143Z [virtualenv] create folder /tmp/tmp0id2fedr/.venv/bin
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0128439Z [virtualenv] create folder /tmp/tmp0id2fedr/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages
...
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0142856Z [virtualenv] add activators for Bash, CShell, Fish, Nushell, PowerShell, Python
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0143272Z Source (PyPI): 217 packages found for setuptools >=40.8.0
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0143401Z Source (PyPI): 1 packages found for setuptools >=40.8.0
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0143457Z [build:build] Getting build dependencies for wheel...
...
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0152045Z   1  ~/.local/share/pypoetry/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/poetry/installation/chef.py:121 in prepare
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0152216Z       119│         if archive.is_dir():
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0152536Z       120│             destination = output_dir or Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="poetry-chef-"))
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0152846Z     → 121│             return self._prepare(archive, destination=destination, editable=editable)
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0152962Z       122│ 
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0153246Z       123│         return self._prepare_sdist(archive, destination=output_dir)
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0153254Z 
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0153357Z   ChefBuildError
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0153367Z 
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0153548Z   Backend subprocess exited when trying to invoke build_wheel
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0153790Z   
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0154053Z   We need both setuptools AND wheel packages installed for bdist_wheel to work. Try running: pip install wheel
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0154149Z   
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0154157Z 
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0154533Z   at ~/.local/share/pypoetry/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/poetry/installation/chef.py:164 in _prepare
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0154650Z       160│ 
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0154912Z       161│                 error = ChefBuildError("\n\n".join(message_parts))
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0155024Z       162│ 
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0155204Z       163│             if error is not None:
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0155394Z     → 164│                 raise error from None
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0155507Z       165│ 
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0155680Z       166│             return path
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0155796Z       167│ 
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0156109Z       168│     def _prepare_sdist(self, archive: Path, destination: Path | None = None) -> Path:
2024-06-19T20:48:12.0169670Z ##[error]Process completed with exit code 1.

核心错误信息 #

ChefBuildError
Backend subprocess exited when trying to invoke build_wheel
We need both setuptools AND wheel packages installed for bdist_wheel to work. Try running: pip install wheel

解决建议 #

• 确保Poetry虚拟环境内安装wheel和setuptools
  不要直接在runner全局环境安装，而是在执行poetry install前，让Poetry在自身创建的虚拟环境中安装依赖：

  poetry run pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
  

• 固定Poetry版本
  近期Poetry版本更新可能引入兼容性问题，在工作流中指定之前能正常运行的版本，例如：

  pip install poetry==1.8.3
  

• 清理GitHub Actions缓存
  缓存的旧虚拟环境或依赖包可能导致异常，可在工作流中添加缓存清理步骤，或手动前往仓库的Actions页面清理缓存
• 明确构建系统依赖
  在项目的pyproject.toml中指定构建所需的依赖版本：

  [build-system]
  requires = ["setuptools>=61.0", "wheel"]
  build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
  

• 使用标准化的Poetry安装方式
  改用官方的Python setup action配合Poetry安装action，确保环境一致性：

  - name: Set up Python
    uses: actions/setup-python@v5
    with:
      python-version: "3.10"
  - name: Install Poetry
    uses: snok/install-poetry@v1
    with:
      version: 1.8.3
      virtualenvs-create: true
      virtualenvs-in-project: true
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nadav