安装NumPy 2.0.0后导入cv2报错：模块编译版本不兼容

1. 安装NumPy 2.0.0 #

执行安装命令：

pip install numpy==2.0.0

验证版本：

import numpy as np
np.__version__
# 输出：2.0.0

2. 安装opencv-python #

执行命令后发现包已存在：

pip install opencv-python

输出内容：

Requirement already satisfied: opencv-python in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (4.8.0.76)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.21.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from opencv-python) (2.0.0)

3. 导入cv2触发错误 #

执行导入代码：

import cv2

弹出兼容性提示：

使用NumPy 1.x编译的模块无法在NumPy 2.0.0中运行，否则可能崩溃。若要同时支持NumPy 1.x和2.x版本，模块必须使用NumPy 2.0编译。部分模块可能需要重新构建，例如使用'pybind11>=2.12'。

如果您是该模块的用户，最简单的解决方案是降级到'numpy<2'，或尝试升级受影响的模块。我们预计部分模块需要时间来支持NumPy 2。

完整错误回溯：

Traceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/runpy.py", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/colab_kernel_launcher.py", line 37, in <module>
    ColabKernelApp.launch_instance()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/traitlets/config/application.py", line 992, in launch_instance
    app.start()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/ipykernel/kernelapp.py", line 619, in start
    self.io_loop.start()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/tornado/platform/asyncio.py", line 195, in start
    self.asyncio_loop.run_forever()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/asyncio/base_events.py", line 603, in run_forever
    self._run_once()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/asyncio/base_events.py", line 1909, in _run_once
    handle._run()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/asyncio/events.py", line 80, in _run
    self._context.run(self._callback, *self._args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/tornado/ioloop.py", line 685, in <lambda>
    lambda f: self._run_callback(functools.partial(callback, future))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/tornado/ioloop.py", line 738, in _run_callback
    ret = callback()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/tornado/gen.py", line 825, in inner
    self.ctx_run(self.run)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/tornado/gen.py", line 786, in run
    yielded = self.gen.send(value)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/ipykernel/kernelbase.py", line 361, in process_one
    yield gen.maybe_future(dispatch(*args))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/tornado/gen.py", line 234, in wrapper
    yielded = ctx_run(next, result)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/ipykernel/kernelbase.py", line 261, in dispatch_shell
    yield gen.maybe_future(handler(stream, idents, msg))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/tornado/gen.py", line 234, in wrapper
    yielded = ctx_run(next, result)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/ipykernel/kernelbase.py", line 539, in execute_request
    self.do_execute(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/tornado/gen.py", line 234, in wrapper
    yielded = ctx_run(next, result)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/ipykernel/ipkernel.py", line 302, in do_execute
    res = shell.run_cell(code, store_history=store_history, silent=silent)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/ipykernel/zmqshell.py", line 539, in run_cell
    return super(ZMQInteractiveShell, self).run_cell(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 2975, in run_cell
    result = self._run_cell(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 3030, in _run_cell
    return runner(coro)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/IPython/core/async_helpers.py", line 78, in _pseudo_sync_runner
    coro.send(None)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 3257, in run_cell_async
    has_raised = await self.run_ast_nodes(code_ast.body, cell_name,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 3473, in run_ast_nodes
    if (await self.run_code(code, result,  async_=asy)):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 3553, in run_code
    exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
  File "<ipython-input-4-c8ec22b3e787>", line 1, in <cell line: 1>
    import cv2
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/google/colab/_import_hooks/_cv2.py", line 78, in load_module
    cv_module = imp.load_module(name, *module_info)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/imp.py", line 245, in load_module
    return load_package(name, filename)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/imp.py", line 217, in load_package
    return _load(spec)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/cv2/__init__.py", line 181, in <module>
    bootstrap()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/cv2/__init__.py", line 153, in bootstrap
    native_module = importlib.import_module("cv2")
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/google/colab/_import_hooks/_cv2.py", line 78, in load_module
    cv_module = imp.load_module(name, *module_info)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/imp.py", line 243, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
AttributeError: _ARRAY_API not found
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-c8ec22b3e787> in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 import cv2

8 frames
/usr/lib/python3.10/imp.py in load_dynamic(name, path, file)
    341         spec = importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec(
    342             name=name, loader=loader, origin=path)
--> 343         return _load(spec)
    344 
    345 else:

ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
注意：如果您的导入因缺失包失败，可以使用!pip或!apt手动安装依赖。

如需查看安装常见依赖的示例，请点击下方的“Open Examples”按钮。

• 降级NumPy到1.x版本：执行以下命令快速恢复兼容性：

  pip install numpy<2 --force-reinstall
  

• 等待OpenCV兼容更新：当前opencv-python 4.8.0.76基于NumPy 1.x编译，暂不支持NumPy 2.0。可定期执行升级命令，等待官方推出兼容版本：

  pip install --upgrade opencv-python
  

• 源码编译OpenCV：若需保留NumPy 2.0，可手动从OpenCV源码编译，确保编译环境使用NumPy 2.0，同时依赖pybind11>=2.12。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Talha Tayyab