Python 3.9环境安装pandas失败，报错Compiler cl无法编译程序

环境信息 #

• Python版本：3.9.0（通过python --version确认）
• 运行环境：搭配Spark
• 操作：执行pip install pandas时触发报错

报错详情 #

Collecting pandas
  Using cached pandas-2.2.2.tar.gz (4.4 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [12 lines of output]
      + meson setup C:\Users\barba\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-jw566d_g\pandas_b36c8476d5fa4a8dbafeeed465827c7c C:\Users\barba\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-jw566d_g\pandas_b36c8476d5fa4a8dbafeeed465827c7c\.mesonpy-gh0nls41\build -Dbuildtype=release -Db_ndebug=if-release -Db_vscrt=md --vsenv --native-file=C:\Users\barba\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-jw566d_g\pandas_b36c8476d5fa4a8dbafeeed465827c7c\.mesonpy-gh0nls41\build\meson-python-native-file.ini
      The Meson build system
      Version: 1.2.1
      Source dir: C:\Users\barba\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-jw566d_g\pandas_b36c8476d5fa4a8dbafeeed465827c7c
      Build dir: C:\Users\barba\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-jw566d_g\pandas_b36c8476d5fa4a8dbafeeed465827c7c\.mesonpy-gh0nls41\build
      Build type: native build
      Project name: pandas
      Project version: 2.2.2

      ..\..\meson.build:2:0: ERROR: Compiler cl cannot compile programs.

      A full log can be found at C:\Users\barba\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-jw566d_g\pandas_b36c8476d5fa4a8dbafeeed465827c7c\.mesonpy-gh0nls41\build\meson-logs\meson-log.txt
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

可能的报错原因 #

• 缺少VC++编译工具链：报错核心提示Compiler cl cannot compile programs，cl是微软Visual Studio自带的C/C++编译器。由于pip尝试从源码编译Pandas（未找到适配的预编译包），而环境未安装Visual Studio Build Tools或完整的Visual Studio编译组件，导致编译工具无法正常工作。
• Python版本过低：Pandas 2.2.2要求的最低Python版本为3.9.13，当前使用的3.9.0不满足要求，源码编译时触发兼容性问题，间接导致编译工具检测失败。
• pip版本老旧：旧版pip可能无法正确识别并下载适配Python 3.9的Pandas预编译wheel包，只能默认尝试源码编译，进而暴露编译工具缺失的问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ferrito