Python中如何将列表中的值分配给列表指定的变量？

你代码的核心问题出在最后一个循环：for variable, response in zip(variables, responses): variable = response。这里的variable只是循环迭代出来的字符串（比如'salary'），你给这个字符串变量赋值成response，完全不会影响到全局/局部作用域里名为salary的变量——本质上只是把循环变量variable的内容从字符串换成了数字，和你想要的变量赋值没有任何关系。

另外原代码里的input({question})多了一对大括号，会把question包装成集合传入input，这也是需要修正的小问题。

下面提供几种可行的解决方式，按推荐程度排序：

1. 使用字典存储（推荐） #

用字典映射变量名和对应的值，比直接创建独立变量更灵活、安全，后续维护和使用也更方便：

questions = ['Please enter your gross annual salary: ', 'Please enter the annual amount of any bonus or commision that appears on your paylip. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Please enter the annual amount of any benefits in kind that appear on your payslip. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Please enter your annual total tax credit: ', 'Please enter your annual total pension contribution. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Do you have any other non tax deductable income? (ie. Holiday purchase schemes etc.) If not applicable enter 0: ']
variables = ['salary', 'bonus', 'bik', 'tax_credits', 'pension_contributions', 'other_non_tax_deductibles']
responses = []

for question in questions:
    while True:
        try:
            # 修正原代码的大括号问题
            response = float(input(question))
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a number")
        else:
            responses.append(response)
            break

# 用字典存储变量名和对应值
user_data = dict(zip(variables, responses))

# 后续使用时通过字典访问
print(user_data['salary'])
print(user_data['bonus'])

2. 直接修改全局/局部作用域（不推荐） #

如果一定要创建独立的变量，可以通过globals()或locals()函数访问作用域字典，直接修改其中的键值对：

questions = ['Please enter your gross annual salary: ', 'Please enter the annual amount of any bonus or commision that appears on your paylip. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Please enter the annual amount of any benefits in kind that appear on your payslip. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Please enter your annual total tax credit: ', 'Please enter your annual total pension contribution. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Do you have any other non tax deductable income? (ie. Holiday purchase schemes etc.) If not applicable enter 0: ']
variables = ['salary', 'bonus', 'bik', 'tax_credits', 'pension_contributions', 'other_non_tax_deductibles']
responses = []

for question in questions:
    while True:
        try:
            response = float(input(question))
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a number")
        else:
            responses.append(response)
            break

# 修改全局作用域的变量
for var_name, value in zip(variables, responses):
    globals()[var_name] = value

# 后续可以直接调用变量
print(salary)
print(bonus)

注意：这种方式不推荐，因为可能会意外覆盖已有的变量，代码可读性和安全性都较差。

3. 手动逐个赋值（适合变量少的场景） #

如果变量数量不多，直接手动赋值更直观：

questions = ['Please enter your gross annual salary: ', 'Please enter the annual amount of any bonus or commision that appears on your paylip. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Please enter the annual amount of any benefits in kind that appear on your payslip. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Please enter your annual total tax credit: ', 'Please enter your annual total pension contribution. If not applicable enter 0: ', 'Do you have any other non tax deductable income? (ie. Holiday purchase schemes etc.) If not applicable enter 0: ']
responses = []

for question in questions:
    while True:
        try:
            response = float(input(question))
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a number")
        else:
            responses.append(response)
            break

# 手动赋值给变量
salary, bonus, bik, tax_credits, pension_contributions, other_non_tax_deductibles = responses

# 后续直接调用变量
print(salary)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者DeirdreRodgers