在Windows 11上通过RubyGems安装wdm 0.1.1时遇错误

我在Windows 11系统中使用gem 3.5.11安装wdm ~>0.1.1时出现以下错误：

Using rubygems directory: C:/Users/willi/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0
Temporarily enhancing PATH for MSYS/MINGW...
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing wdm:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: C:/Users/willi/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/wdm-0.1.1/ext/wdm
D:/Chocolatey/lib/ruby.install/tools/True/bin/ruby.exe extconf.rb
checking for -lkernel32... yes
checking for windows.h... yes
checking for ruby.h... yes
checking for HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... yes
creating Makefile

current directory: C:/Users/willi/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/wdm-0.1.1/ext/wdm
make DESTDIR\= sitearchdir\=./.gem.20240628-26536-1pbxw8 sitelibdir\=./.gem.20240628-26536-1pbxw8 clean

current directory: C:/Users/willi/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/wdm-0.1.1/ext/wdm
make DESTDIR\= sitearchdir\=./.gem.20240628-26536-1pbxw8 sitelibdir\=./.gem.20240628-26536-1pbxw8
generating wdm_ext-x64-mingw-ucrt.def
compiling entry.c
compiling memory.c
compiling monitor.c
compiling queue.c
compiling rb_change.c
rb_change.c: In function 'extract_absolute_path_from_notification':
rb_change.c:139:5: warning: 'RB_OBJ_TAINT' is deprecated: taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea. [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
  139 |     OBJ_TAINT(path);
      |     ^~~~~~~~~
In file included from D:/Chocolatey/lib/ruby.install/tools/True/include/ruby-3.3.0/ruby/internal/core/rstring.h:30,
                 from D:/Chocolatey/lib/ruby.install/tools/True/include/ruby-3.3.0/ruby/internal/arithmetic/char.h:29,
                 from D:/Chocolatey/lib/ruby.install/tools/True/include/ruby-3.3.0/ruby/internal/arithmetic.h:24,
                 from D:/Chocolatey/lib/ruby.install/tools/True/include/ruby-3.3.0/ruby/ruby.h:28,
                 from D:/Chocolatey/lib/ruby.install/tools/True/include/ruby-3.3.0/ruby.h:38,
                 from wdm.h:22,
                 from rb_change.c:4:
D:/Chocolatey/lib/ruby.install/tools/True/include/ruby-3.3.0/ruby/internal/fl_type.h:824:1: note: declared here
  824 | RB_OBJ_TAINT(VALUE obj)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~
compiling rb_monitor.c
rb_monitor.c: In function 'rb_monitor_run_bang':
rb_monitor.c:509:29: error: implicit declaration of function 'rb_thread_call_without_gvl' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
  509 |         waiting_succeeded = rb_thread_call_without_gvl(wait_for_changes, monitor->process_event, stop_monitoring, monitor);
      |                             ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
make: *** [Makefile:248: rb_monitor.o] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in C:/Users/willi/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/wdm-0.1.1 for inspection.
Results logged to C:/Users/willi/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.3.0/wdm-0.1.1/gem_make.out

我已尝试以下操作但均无效：

• 重新安装带Devkit的RubyGem
• 在C盘正确安装MSYS64
• 执行ridk install命令
• 以管理员模式安装

核心原因 #

wdm 0.1.1是2013年发布的老旧版本，完全不兼容Ruby 3.3.0的API变更——rb_thread_call_without_gvl函数的声明方式在Ruby 3.x中已调整，导致编译时出现隐式声明错误。

解决方法 #

方法1：安装wdm兼容新版本

放弃指定~>0.1.1版本，直接安装适配Ruby 3.x的最新版：

gem install wdm

如果是Gemfile依赖，修改为：

gem 'wdm'

当前最新稳定版已完美支持Ruby 3.0及以上版本，包括3.3.x。

方法2：回退Ruby版本到兼容旧版

如果必须使用wdm 0.1.1，需要把Ruby版本回退到2.7.x或更早（wdm 0.1.1仅兼容Ruby 2.x系列），用Chocolatey安装示例：

choco install ruby --version=2.7.8

安装完成后执行ridk install配置Devkit，再尝试安装wdm ~>0.1.1。

方法3：手动修复源码（临时方案，不推荐）

一定要在Ruby 3.3.0上使用wdm 0.1.1的话，可手动修改源码：

1. 进入gem源码目录：C:/Users/willi/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/wdm-0.1.1/ext/wdm
2. 编辑rb_monitor.c，在文件开头添加头文件引用：

#include <ruby/thread.h>

3. 重新编译安装：

cd C:/Users/willi/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/wdm-0.1.1/ext/wdm
make
make install

这个方法只是临时修复，后续gem更新会失效，不建议长期使用。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Idad Wind