GitHub Actions中Docker多架构镜像构建失败求助

问题核心 #

在GitHub Action中执行多平台Docker镜像构建时，遇到错误：

ERROR: Multi-platform build is not supported for the docker driver.
Switch to a different driver, or turn on the containerd image store, and try again.

解决方案 #

问题根源是GitHub Actions Ubuntu runner默认的Buildx驱动为docker，该驱动不支持跨平台构建。需要在初始化Buildx时明确指定docker-container驱动——这是Buildx实现多平台构建的标准驱动。

修改Workflow中的Set up Docker Buildx步骤，添加驱动配置：

- name: Set up Docker Buildx
  uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
  with:
    driver: docker-container
    driver-opts: |
      network=host

同时，建议将build-and-push步骤中的platforms参数与手动命令保持一致，改为linux/amd64,linux/arm64/v8，避免潜在的架构匹配问题。

修改后的完整Workflow #

name: Build and Push Docker Image

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

jobs:
  build-and-push:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
      
      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
        with:
          driver: docker-container
          driver-opts: |
            network=host

      - name: Log in to Azure Container Registry
        uses: azure/docker-login@v1
        with:
          login-server: project.azurecr.io 
          username: ${{ secrets.ACR_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.ACR_PASSWORD }}

      - name: Read version number
        id: get_version
        run: echo "VERSION_NUMBER=$(cat VERSION)" >> $GITHUB_ENV

      - name: Build and push
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64/v8
          push: true
          tags: project.azurecr.io/project:${{ env.VERSION_NUMBER }}

关键说明 #

• docker-container驱动会启动独立的BuildKit容器处理构建任务，天然支持跨平台架构编译，解决默认docker驱动的限制。
• network=host驱动选项确保Buildx容器正常访问网络，避免推送镜像时出现连接问题。
• 保持platforms参数与手动构建命令一致，确保镜像架构的兼容性。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Daniyal Khawaja