使用Python SMTPlib发送含文本与Excel表格邮件时文本不显示求助

我尝试用Python发送一封正文包含纯文本与Excel表格（以HTML形式嵌入）的邮件，代码如下。目前邮件能正常显示Excel表格，但设置的纯文本内容并未显示在邮件中，求解决办法。

import pandas as pd
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText


msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = "Lists"
msg['From'] = sender_email
msg['To'] = receiver_email
html = html_file
text = "Hi,
 Please find attached the relevant data
"
msg.attach(MIMEText(text, 'plain'))
msg.attach(MIMEText(html, 'html'))
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com',587)
s.connect('smtp.gmail.com',587)
s.ehlo()
s.starttls()
s.ehlo()
s.login(sender_email, password)
print("login success")
s.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, msg.as_string())
print("email has been sent")
s.quit()

解决方案 #

问题根源 #

使用MIMEMultipart('alternative')时，邮件客户端会优先加载最后附加的内容格式。你先附加了纯文本，再附加HTML，所以客户端默认显示HTML内容，纯文本被隐藏（并非丢失，客户端可切换到纯文本视图查看）。若要让两种内容同时显示，需调整邮件结构。

方法1：让纯文本与HTML同时显示（改用mixed类型） #

将MIMEMultipart的类型改为mixed，并把纯文本和HTML放在一个alternative子容器中，确保两种格式都能被客户端识别：

import pandas as pd
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

msg = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
msg['Subject'] = "Lists"
msg['From'] = sender_email
msg['To'] = receiver_email

# 修正多行字符串写法，避免语法错误
text = """Hi,
Please find attached the relevant data
"""
html = html_file

# 创建子容器存放纯文本和HTML作为正文
body = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
body.attach(MIMEText(text, 'plain'))
body.attach(MIMEText(html, 'html'))
msg.attach(body)

# 发送逻辑不变
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com',587)
s.connect('smtp.gmail.com',587)
s.ehlo()
s.starttls()
s.ehlo()
s.login(sender_email, password)
print("login success")
s.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, msg.as_string())
print("email has been sent")
s.quit()

方法2：将纯文本整合到HTML中 #

如果希望只显示HTML内容但保留提示文字，直接把纯文本内容嵌入HTML代码：

import pandas as pd
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = "Lists"
msg['From'] = sender_email
msg['To'] = receiver_email

# 把纯文本提示整合到HTML前
html = f"""
<p>Hi,</p>
<p>Please find attached the relevant data</p>
{html_file}
"""
text = """Hi,
Please find attached the relevant data
"""

msg.attach(MIMEText(text, 'plain'))
msg.attach(MIMEText(html, 'html'))

# 发送逻辑不变
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com',587)
s.connect('smtp.gmail.com',587)
s.ehlo()
s.starttls()
s.ehlo()
s.login(sender_email, password)
print("login success")
s.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, msg.as_string())
print("email has been sent")
s.quit()

额外提示 #

• alternative类型是提供内容的备选格式，客户端会选择最优格式（通常是HTML），因此两种内容不会同时显示，只能切换视图。
• 原代码中的多行字符串写法有误（未用三引号），上述修正中已统一改为三引号包裹多行文本，避免语法错误。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Clay Burnett