在Fedora Linux安装Ruby工具Nanoc时遇原生扩展编译错误求助

问题描述 #

在全新安装的Fedora Linux系统中，已通过dnf install ruby成功安装Ruby（含rubygems），但使用gem install nanoc或sudo gem install nanoc安装Nanoc时失败，报错信息如下：

Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing nanoc:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

current directory: /home/ja/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rbtree-0.4.6

/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for ruby/version.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--without-opt-include
--with-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib64
--without-opt-lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--enable-debug
--disable-debug
--with-ruby-dir
--without-ruby-dir
--with-ruby-include=${ruby-dir}/include
--without-ruby-include
--with-ruby-lib=${ruby-dir}/lib64
--without-ruby-lib
/usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:480:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.

from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:606:in `block in try_compile'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:555:in `with_werror'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:606:in `try_compile'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:1151:in `block in have_header'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:983:in `block in checking_for'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:344:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:314:in `open'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:344:in `block in postpone'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:314:in `open'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:340:in `postpone'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:982:in `checking_for'
from /usr/share/ruby/mkmf.rb:1150:in `have_header'
from extconf.rb:8:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

/home/ja/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/3.3.0/rbtree-0.4.6/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

解决步骤 #

报错中明确提示**"You have to install development tools first"**，这是因为编译Ruby原生扩展需要依赖完整的开发工具链和Ruby的开发头文件，执行以下步骤即可解决：

• 安装Fedora官方的开发工具组，包含编译所需的编译器、make等工具：

  sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"
  

• 安装Ruby开发包，提供编译原生扩展必需的头文件：

  sudo dnf install ruby-devel
  

• 重新尝试安装Nanoc：

  gem install nanoc
  

  （如果遇到权限问题，可使用sudo gem install nanoc，但更推荐保持用户级安装，确保~/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/bin路径已添加到系统PATH环境变量中）

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者zektiv