CMake拉取依赖时Protobuf版本不兼容及vcpkg安装报错求助

复刻旧程序时，CMake拉取依赖出现Protobuf版本不兼容错误：

Could not find a configuration file for package "Protobuf" that is compatible with requested version "3.1.0".

The following configuration files were considered but not accepted:

E:/GoldbergDevelopment/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows-static/share/protobuf/protobuf-config.cmake, version: 25.1.0

尝试通过vcpkg指定Protobuf版本时，出现Git相关报错：

-- Running vcpkg install
error: failed to execute: "C:\Program Files\Git\cmd\git.exe" --git-dir=.git "--work-tree=E:\GoldbergDevelopment\vcpkg\buildtrees\versioning_\versions\protobuf\356bda3330a44573c612a81d53e53994db01fda1_7668.tmp" -c core.autocrlf=false read-tree -m -u 356bda3330a44573c612a81d53e53994db01fda1
error: git failed with exit code: (128).
fatal: not a git repository: '.git'
note: while checking out port protobuf with git tree 356bda3330a44573c612a81d53e53994db01fda1
error: while checking out baseline from commit 'c7a7d062a750bce13a9db3fa8af5018d38554565', failed to `git show` versions/baseline.json. This may be fixed by fetching commits with `git fetch`.
error: git failed with exit code: (128).
fatal: not a git repository: '.git'
while checking out baseline c7a7d062a750bce13a9db3fa8af5018d38554565
-- Running vcpkg install - failed
CMake Error at E:/GoldbergDevelopment/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake:902 (message):
  vcpkg install failed.  See logs for more information:
  E:\GoldbergDevelopment\protobuf_installing\build\vcpkg-manifest-install.log
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files/CMake/share/cmake-3.30/Modules/CMakeDetermineSystem.cmake:146 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:3 (project)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

当前使用的vcpkg.json配置：

{
  "dependencies": [ "fmt", "protobuf" ],
  "builtin-baseline": "c7a7d062a750bce13a9db3fa8af5018d38554565",
  "overrides": [
    { 
        "name": "protobuf", 
        "version": "3.2.0"
    }
  ]
}

1. 修复vcpkg的Git仓库问题 #

报错核心是vcpkg目录无法识别为Git仓库，执行以下操作：

• 进入vcpkg根目录（E:/GoldbergDevelopment/vcpkg），运行命令：

  git fetch --all
  

• 如果fetch后仍报错，删除现有vcpkg目录，重新克隆完整仓库：

  git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git
  cd vcpkg
  .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat  # Windows环境
  

2. 修正vcpkg.json的版本配置 #

你需要的是Protobuf 3.1.0，但当前override写的是3.2.0，同时要确保基线版本匹配：

• 打开vcpkg目录下的versions/p/protobuf.json，找到3.1.0对应的版本条目，确认其version-string和port-version
• 修改vcpkg.json，将override调整为目标版本：

  {
    "dependencies": [ "fmt", "protobuf" ],
    "builtin-baseline": "c7a7d062a750bce13a9db3fa8af5018d38554565",
    "overrides": [
      { 
          "name": "protobuf", 
          "version-string": "3.1.0",
          "port-version": 0  # 对应protobuf.json中3.1.0的port-version值
      }
    ]
  }
  

• 确保builtin-baseline的commit存在于本地vcpkg仓库，若不存在，先执行git fetch拉取该commit

3. 清理缓存与重建 #

• 删除vcpkg的protobuf构建缓存：rm -rf E:/GoldbergDevelopment/vcpkg/buildtrees/protobuf
• 删除已安装的高版本Protobuf：rm -rf E:/GoldbergDevelopment/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows-static/protobuf
• 删除项目的build目录，重新运行CMake配置命令

4. 备选方案：手动指定版本安装 #

如果manifest方式仍有问题，直接用vcpkg命令行安装指定版本：

vcpkg install protobuf[core]:x64-windows-static@3.1.0

安装完成后，在CMake中指定该版本的Protobuf路径即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mubinul Haque