MacBook M3 Pro上pyenv无法安装Python版本的问题求助

问题详情 #

• 设备：MacBook M3 Pro，已从旧款Intel Pro迁移所有内容
• 异常表现：安装pyenv后，尝试安装任意Python版本（3.9.x、3.10.x、3.11.x等）均出现构建错误，提示缺失_curses、readline、_ssl等模块
• 核心诱因：Apple M系列arm64架构与原x86架构Brew的兼容性冲突；此前因tensorflow导致Jupyter Notebook内核崩溃，遂排查此问题

报错日志 #

python-build: use openssl@3 from homebrew
python-build: use readline from homebrew
Downloading Python-3.11.9.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/Python-3.11.9.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.11.9...
python-build: use tcl-tk from homebrew
python-build: use readline from homebrew
python-build: use ncurses from homebrew
python-build: use zlib from xcode sdk
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/ashtonsperry/.pyenv/versions/3.11.9/lib/python3.11/curses/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
    from _curses import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_curses'
WARNING: The Python curses extension was not compiled. Missing the ncurses lib?
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'readline'
WARNING: The Python readline extension was not compiled. Missing the GNU readline lib?
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/ashtonsperry/.pyenv/versions/3.11.9/lib/python3.11/ssl.py", line 100, in <module>
    import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
    ^^^^^^^^^^^
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl'
ERROR: The Python ssl extension was not compiled. Missing the OpenSSL lib?

Please consult to the Wiki page to fix the problem.
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems


BUILD FAILED (OS X 14.5 using python-build 20180424)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /var/folders/p3/7nvxx8mx4x19125mj6fnjj0h0000gn/T/python-build.20240708161245.10785
Results logged to /var/folders/p3/7nvxx8mx4x19125mj6fnjj0h0000gn/T/python-build.20240708161245.10785.log

Last 10 log lines:
        DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/var/folders/p3/7nvxx8mx4x19125mj6fnjj0h0000gn/T/python-build.20240708161245.10785/Python-3.11.9 ./python.exe -E -m ensurepip \
            $ensurepip --root=/ ; \
    fi
Looking in links: /var/folders/p3/7nvxx8mx4x19125mj6fnjj0h0000gn/T/tmp8_w0_bq0
Processing /var/folders/p3/7nvxx8mx4x19125mj6fnjj0h0000gn/T/tmp8_w0_bq0/setuptools-65.5.0-py3-none-any.whl
Processing /var/folders/p3/7nvxx8mx4x19125mj6fnjj0h0000gn/T/tmp8_w0_bq0/pip-24.0-py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
  WARNING: The scripts pip3 and pip3.11 are installed in '/Users/ashtonsperry/.pyenv/versions/3.11.9/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed pip-24.0 setuptools-65.5.0

解决步骤 #

1. 替换x86架构Brew为arm64版本 #

• 卸载原有x86版本Brew及依赖：

  /usr/local/bin/brew uninstall --force --ignore-dependencies $(/usr/local/bin/brew list)
  rm -rf /usr/local/Homebrew
  rm -rf /usr/local/Caskroom
  rm -rf /usr/local/bin/brew
  

• 安装arm64版本Brew：

  /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
  

• 配置环境变量确保arm64 Brew优先级：
  在~/.zshrc或~/.bash_profile中添加：

  export PATH="/opt/homebrew/bin:$PATH"
  

  生效配置：

  source ~/.zshrc
  

2. 安装Python编译所需依赖 #

brew install openssl readline ncurses zlib tcl-tk

3. 设置pyenv编译环境变量 #

在~/.zshrc或~/.bash_profile中添加：

export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/readline/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/ncurses/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/zlib/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/readline/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/ncurses/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/zlib/include"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig"

生效配置：

source ~/.zshrc

4. 清理残留并重新安装Python #

• 卸载失败的Python版本：

  pyenv uninstall 3.11.9
  

• 清理临时编译文件：

  rm -rf /var/folders/p3/7nvxx8mx4x19125mj6fnjj0h0000gn/T/python-build.*
  

• 重新安装目标Python版本：

  pyenv install 3.11.9
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ashton T. Sperry