Spring Boot 2.7.3集成Spring Data JPA遇charset类找不到异常求助

在Spring Boot 2.7.3 Web应用中集成Spring Data JPA（通过org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa引入），当前使用Hibernate 5.6.9，启动时抛出ClassNotFoundException: Could not load requested class : charset，错误栈如下：

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Could not load requested class : charset
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.AggregatedClassLoader.findClass(AggregatedClassLoader.java:210) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:587) ~[?:?]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520) ~[?:?]
    at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) ~[?:?]
    at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:467) ~[?:?]
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.ClassLoaderServiceImpl.classForName(ClassLoaderServiceImpl.java:130) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.ClassLoaderAccessImpl.classForName(ClassLoaderAccessImpl.java:67) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.SimpleValueBinder.fillSimpleValue(SimpleValueBinder.java:536) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.hibernate.cfg.SetSimpleValueTypeSecondPass.doSecondPass(SetSimpleValueTypeSecondPass.java:25) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processSecondPasses(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1653) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processSecondPasses(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1621) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:295) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1460) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1494) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.10.Final.jar:5.6.10.Final]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:58) ~[spring-orm-5.3.22.jar:5.3.22]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:365) ~[spring-orm-5.3.22.jar:5.3.22]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:409) ~[spring-orm-5.3.22.jar:5.3.22]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:396) ~[spring-orm-5.3.22.jar:5.3.22]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:341) ~[spring-orm-5.3.22.jar:5.3.22]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1863) ~[spring-beans-5.3.22.jar:5.3.22]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1800) ~[spring-beans-5.3.22.jar:5.3.22]

当前Spring Data JPA配置类如下：

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
        basePackages = "com.bottomline.dm.core.repository.roc",
        entityManagerFactoryRef = "rocJpaEntityManagerFactory",
        transactionManagerRef = "rocJpaTransactionManager"
)
public class RocJpaDatabaseConfig {

    private final DataSource rocDataSource;

    public RocJpaDatabaseConfig(ROCDataSourceProperties rocDataSourceProperties) {
        this.rocDataSource = rocDataSourceProperties.getPostgresHikariDataSource();
        DataSourceInfoLogger infoLogger = new DataSourceInfoLogger(rocDataSource);
        infoLogger.afterPropertiesSet();
    }

    @Bean
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean rocJpaEntityManagerFactory() {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
        factory.setPackagesToScan("com.bottomline.dm.core.domain.entity");
        factory.setDataSource(rocDataSource);
        return factory;
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager rocJpaTransactionManager(EntityManagerFactory rocJpaEntityManagerFactory) {
        JpaTransactionManager txManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
        txManager.setEntityManagerFactory(rocJpaEntityManagerFactory);
        return txManager;
    }
}

这个错误是Hibernate解析实体类字段类型时，误将charset当作自定义类型加载导致的，核心原因是实体类注解配置错误，按以下步骤排查修复：

• 检查@Column注解的columnDefinition属性：遍历所有实体类，查找是否存在@Column(columnDefinition = "charset")这类错误配置。如果要指定字符集，需写完整的SQL类型定义，比如PostgreSQL环境下：

  @Column(columnDefinition = "VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8")
  

  若无需自定义类型，直接移除错误的columnDefinition参数即可。

• 检查@Type注解配置：如果实体类中使用了@Type(type = "charset")，这属于错误用法，@Type的type参数应为Hibernate支持的内置类型名（如string、integer）或自定义类型的全限定类名，修正或移除该注解。

• 统一Hibernate版本：错误栈显示实际使用Hibernate 5.6.10，但你声明的是5.6.9，可能是Spring Boot依赖管理自动升级了版本。可在pom.xml中显式锁定版本：

  <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
              <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
              <version>5.6.9.Final</version>
          </dependency>
      </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Zack Macomber