Django REST Framework用django_auth_adfs令牌认证遇401错误求助

项目环境 #

• Django 5.0.4
• 认证后端：django_auth_adfs（Azure Active Directory）
• API服务框架：Django REST Framework

现象对比 #

保留SessionAuthentication时 #

配置如下：

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
        'django_auth_adfs.rest_framework.AdfsAccessTokenAuthentication',
        'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
    ),
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
    ),
}

此时可在REST Framework可浏览视图中完成授权，且能正常发送需认证的POST请求。

仅保留AdfsAccessTokenAuthentication时 #

配置修改为：

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
        'django_auth_adfs.rest_framework.AdfsAccessTokenAuthentication',
    ),
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
    ),
}

系统返回HTTP 401未授权错误，错误信息为"Authentication credentials were not provided."，Postman也无法正常发送请求。

完整settings.py配置 #

"""
Django settings for core project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.0.4.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.getenv('SECRET_KEY')

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['my_domain']

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = [
    'django_auth_adfs.backend.AdfsAuthCodeBackend',
]

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",

    # Installed apps
    'django_auth_adfs',
    'bench',
    'api',
    'rest_framework',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",

    # Other Middlewares
    'django_auth_adfs.middleware.LoginRequiredMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = "core.urls"

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
        'DIRS': [
            BASE_DIR / 'static/templates',
        ],
        "APP_DIRS": True,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "context_processors": [
                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
                "django.template.context_processors.request",
                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = "core.wsgi.application"


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"

TIME_ZONE = "GB"

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'media'

STATIC_ROOT = '/usr/share/nginx/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR / 'static',
]

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"

LOGIN_URL = 'django_auth_adfs:login'
LOGOUT_URL = 'django_auth_adfs:logout'
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'https://my_domain/oauth2/callback'


# Client secret is not public information. Should store it as an environment variable.

client_id = os.getenv('client_id')
client_secret = os.getenv('client_secret')
tenant_id = os.getenv('tenant_id')
email_host_user = os.getenv('EMAIL_HOST_USER')
email_host_password = os.getenv('EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD')


AUTH_ADFS = {
    'AUDIENCE': client_id,
    'CLIENT_ID': client_id,
    'CLIENT_SECRET': client_secret,
    'CLAIM_MAPPING': {'first_name': 'given_name',
                      'last_name': 'family_name',
                      'email': 'upn'
                      },
    'GROUPS_CLAIM': 'roles',
    'MIRROR_GROUPS': True,
    'USERNAME_CLAIM': 'email',
    'TENANT_ID': tenant_id,
    'RELYING_PARTY_ID': client_id,
}


EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'localhost'
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_USE_TLS = False
EMAIL_USE_SSL = False
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = email_host_user

SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
        'django_auth_adfs.rest_framework.AdfsAccessTokenAuthentication',
    ),
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
    ),
}

疑问与需求 #

• 怀疑Nginx反向代理未正确传递请求头
• 需求：仅允许Azure应用内用户访问API，无需SessionAuthentication，实现纯令牌认证

排查与解决步骤 #

1. 修复Nginx请求头传递 #

如果使用Nginx反向代理，默认不会转发Authorization请求头，需在Nginx的location配置中添加：

proxy_set_header Authorization $http_authorization;
proxy_pass_header Authorization;

确保Django能接收到前端传递的Bearer令牌。

2. 确认令牌传递格式 #

Postman或前端请求时，必须在请求头中正确设置：

Authorization: Bearer <你的Azure AD访问令牌>

注意Bearer后必须加空格，令牌字符串不能有多余空格或换行。

3. 校验django_auth_adfs配置 #

• 确认AUTH_ADFS中的AUDIENCE、RELYING_PARTY_ID与Azure AD应用注册中的受众完全一致
• 检查TENANT_ID是否正确，避免令牌验证时租户不匹配

4. 调整LoginRequiredMiddleware影响 #

当前启用的django_auth_adfs.middleware.LoginRequiredMiddleware会强制所有视图走会话登录，与REST Framework的令牌认证逻辑冲突。

• 临时注释该中间件测试，如果认证恢复正常，可通过配置排除API路径：

AUTH_ADFS_LOGIN_EXEMPT_URLS = [
    '/api/',  # 排除所有API路径
    '/api/*',
]

5. 开启调试日志定位问题 #

在settings.py中添加日志配置，查看认证过程的详细错误：

LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'console': {
            'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
        },
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django_auth_adfs': {
            'handlers': ['console'],
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'propagate': True,
        },
        'django.request': {
            'handlers': ['console'],
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    },
}

运行项目后查看控制台输出，确认Django是否收到Authorization头，以及令牌验证的具体失败原因。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Arad Soutehkeshan