执行go mod tidy时go.mod自动升级Go版本的问题求助

我有如下go.mod文件，在VSCode中运行模块时编译器提示要执行go mod tidy。执行该命令后，go.mod里的Go版本从1.19升级到1.21，还新增了toolchain go1.22.1行，go.sum也同步更新。同样的go.mod文件同事用着没问题，说明是我本地配置的问题。执行go mod tidy -go=1.19时出现错误：

go: google.golang.org/grpc@v1.65.0 requires go@1.21, but 1.19 is requested

我的go.mod内容：

module product-api

go 1.19

require (
    cloud.google.com/go/pubsub v1.37.0
    github.com/DataDog/datadog-go/v5 v5.2.0
    github.com/fermatcommerce/fermat/go/common v0.0.0-20220906110310-ef66faa0b8db
    github.com/fermatcommerce/fermat/go/product-svc v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000
    github.com/fermatcommerce/fermat/proto/product-service/go v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000
    github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.0.8
    github.com/go-chi/cors v1.2.1
    github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
    github.com/lib/pq v1.10.6
    github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.3.1
    github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4
    go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0
    golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240325151524-a685a6edb6d8
    google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
)

require (
    cloud.google.com/go v0.112.1 // indirect
    cloud.google.com/go/cloudsqlconn v0.5.1 // indirect
    cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0 // indirect
    cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.6 // indirect
    github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 // indirect
    github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.2 // indirect
    github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.9.4 // indirect
    github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.3 // indirect
    github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.0.4 // indirect
    github.com/containerd/containerd v1.6.8 // indirect
    github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
    github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.1+incompatible // indirect
    github.com/docker/docker v20.10.17+incompatible // indirect
    github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 // indirect
    github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
    github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
    github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
    github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
    github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
    github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
    github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
    github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.7 // indirect
    github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.2 // indirect
    github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.12.2 // indirect
    github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
    github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20221227161230-091c0ba34f0a // indirect
    github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.17.0 // indirect
    github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.5.2 // indirect
    github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
    github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6 // indirect
    github.com/moby/sys/mount v0.3.3 // indirect
    github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.6.2 // indirect
    github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20210619224110-3f7ff695adc6 // indirect
    github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
    github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
    github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.3-0.20211202183452-c5a74bcca799 // indirect
    github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.1.3 // indirect
    github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
    github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
    github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 // indirect
    github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1 // indirect
    github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.15.0 // indirect
    go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
    go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.49.0 // indirect
    go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0 // indirect
    go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0 // indirect
    go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 // indirect
    go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0 // indirect
    go.uber.org/atomic v1.10.0 // indirect
    go.uber.org/multierr v1.9.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/net v0.25.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.20.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/text v0.15.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
    google.golang.org/api v0.169.0 // indirect
    google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240213162025-012b6fc9bca9 // indirect
    google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240528184218-531527333157 // indirect
    google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240528184218-531527333157 // indirect
    google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 // indirect
    gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
)

我的go env输出：

GO111MODULE=''
GOARCH='arm64'
GOBIN=''
GOCACHE='/Users/tanmay/Library/Caches/go-build'
GOENV='/Users/tanmay/Library/Application Support/go/env'
GOEXE=''
GOEXPERIMENT=''
GOFLAGS=''
GOHOSTARCH='arm64'
GOHOSTOS='darwin'
GOINSECURE=''
GOMODCACHE='/Users/tanmay/go/pkg/mod'
GONOPROXY=''
GONOSUMDB=''
GOOS='darwin'
GOPATH='/Users/tanmay/go'
GOPRIVATE=''
GOPROXY='https://proxy.golang.org,direct'
GOROOT='/opt/homebrew/Cellar/go/1.22.1/libexec'
GOSUMDB='sum.golang.org'
GOTMPDIR=''
GOTOOLCHAIN='local'
GOTOOLDIR='/opt/homebrew/Cellar/go/1.22.1/libexec/pkg/tool/darwin_arm64'
GOVCS=''
GOVERSION='go1.22.1'
GCCGO='gccgo'
AR='ar'
CC='cc'
CXX='c++'
CGO_ENABLED='1'
GOMOD='/Users/tanmay/Desktop/fermat/go/product-api/go.mod'
GOWORK=''
CGO_CFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_CPPFLAGS=''
CGO_CXXFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_FFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_LDFLAGS='-O2 -g'
PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config'
GOGCCFLAGS='-fPIC -arch arm64 -pthread -fno-caret-diagnostics -Qunused-arguments -fmessage-length=0 -ffile-prefix-map=/var/folders/tk/g6yl6ybj5gz764nfsh8zrfh00000gn/T/go-build2365762375=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches -fno-common'

• 本地Go版本过高：当前使用的是Go1.22.1，而项目要求Go1.19。高版本Go执行go mod tidy时，会自动识别依赖的最低Go版本要求（比如google.golang.org/grpc@v1.65.0要求Go1.21），因此会升级go.mod中的Go版本以满足依赖要求。
• 工具链配置问题：GOTOOLCHAIN设置为local，意味着使用本地安装的高版本Go工具链处理依赖，遵循高版本的模块规则，自动升级go.mod版本并添加工具链声明。
• 依赖版本冲突：google.golang.org/grpc@v1.65.0的最低兼容Go版本是1.21，和项目指定的1.19冲突，所以执行go mod tidy -go=1.19时会报错。

1. 切换到Go1.19版本 #

如果是Homebrew安装的Go，执行以下命令切换：

brew install go@1.19
brew unlink go && brew link go@1.19 --force

切换后用go version确认版本为1.19，再运行go mod tidy即可保持go.mod版本不变。

2. 临时指定工具链执行 #

无需切换全局版本，临时指定工具链（确保本地已安装Go1.19.x）：

GOTOOLCHAIN=go1.19.13 go mod tidy -go=1.19

也可以在go.mod中添加工具链声明，强制使用1.19版本：

toolchain go1.19.13

3. 降级依赖版本 #

找到google.golang.org/grpc兼容Go1.19的版本（比如v1.59.0），修改go.mod中的间接依赖版本后执行go mod tidy -go=1.19：

require google.golang.org/grpc v1.59.0 // indirect

4. 使用Go版本管理工具 #

安装gvm快速切换版本：

# 安装gvm
bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
# 安装并切换到Go1.19
gvm install go1.19.13
gvm use go1.19.13 --default

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者10may