Flutter构建APK时Kotlin版本不兼容问题求助

问题现象 #

执行flutter build apk命令时，清理项目后首次构建会弹出Kotlin版本不兼容警告，二次构建则无该提示。具体报错信息如下：

e: C:/Users/izgrablic/.gradle/caches/8.9/transforms/11d67339be20769aa23d66328d1f3d77/transformed/core-1.10.1/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/core_release.kotlin_module: 模块使用不兼容的Kotlin版本编译。其元数据的二进制版本为1.8.0，预期版本为1.6.0。
e: C:/Users/izgrablic/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.0.0/b48df2c4aede9586cc931ead433bc02d6fd7879e/kotlin-stdlib-2.0.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib.kotlin_module: 模块使用不兼容的Kotlin版本编译。其元数据的二进制版本为1.9.0，预期版本为1.6.0。
e: C:/Users/izgrablic/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.0.0/b48df2c4aede9586cc931ead433bc02d6fd7879e/kotlin-stdlib-2.0.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8.kotlin_module: 模块使用不兼容的Kotlin版本编译。其元数据的二进制版本为1.9.0，预期版本为1.6.0。
e: C:/Users/izgrablic/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.0.0/b48df2c4aede9586cc931ead433bc02d6fd7879e/kotlin-stdlib-2.0.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7.kotlin_module: 模块使用不兼容的Kotlin版本编译。其元数据的二进制版本为1.9.0，预期版本为1.6.0。

项目配置文件 #

项目级 build.gradle #

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

app模块级 build.gradle #

plugins {
    id "com.android.application"
    id "kotlin-android"
    // The Flutter Gradle Plugin must be applied after the Android and Kotlin Gradle plugins.
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
}

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file("local.properties")
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader("UTF-8") { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty("flutter.versionCode")
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = "1"
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty("flutter.versionName")
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = "1.0"
}

def keystoreProperties = new Properties()
def keystorePropertiesFile = rootProject.file('key.properties')
if (keystorePropertiesFile.exists()) {
     keystoreProperties.load(new FileInputStream(keystorePropertiesFile))
 }

android {
    namespace = "com.test.test_project"
    compileSdk = flutter.compileSdkVersion
    ndkVersion = flutter.ndkVersion

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    defaultConfig {
        // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
        applicationId = "com.test.test_project"
        // You can update the following values to match your application needs.
        // For more information, see: https://docs.flutter.dev/deployment/android#reviewing-the-gradle-build-configuration.
        minSdk = flutter.minSdkVersion
        targetSdk = flutter.targetSdkVersion
        versionCode = flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName = flutterVersionName
    }


    signingConfigs {
        release {
            keyAlias keystoreProperties['keyAlias']
            keyPassword keystoreProperties['keyPassword']
            storeFile keystoreProperties['storeFile'] ? file(keystoreProperties['storeFile']) : null
            storePassword keystoreProperties['storePassword']
        }
    }
}

flutter {
    source = "../.."
}

settings.gradle #

pluginManagement {
    def flutterSdkPath = {
        def properties = new Properties()
        file("local.properties").withInputStream { properties.load(it) }
        def flutterSdkPath = properties.getProperty("flutter.sdk")
        assert flutterSdkPath != null, "flutter.sdk not set in local.properties"
        return flutterSdkPath
    }()

    includeBuild("$flutterSdkPath/packages/flutter_tools/gradle")

    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
    }
}

plugins {
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-plugin-loader" version "1.0.0"
    id "com.android.application" version "7.3.0" apply false
    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android" version "2.0.0" apply false
}

include ":app"

解决方案 #

问题核心是Kotlin插件版本与依赖库的元数据版本不匹配：settings.gradle中指定的Kotlin插件版本为2.0.0，但构建过程预期的元数据版本是1.6.0，首次构建缓存未命中时触发警告，二次构建缓存生效后警告消失。

具体修复步骤 #

1. 统一Kotlin插件版本
   将settings.gradle中的Kotlin插件版本调整为与当前Flutter SDK兼容的稳定版本（比如1.9.20，需匹配你的Flutter版本）：

   id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android" version "1.9.20" apply false
   

2. 强制统一Kotlin依赖版本
   在项目级build.gradle中添加配置，强制所有子项目使用相同的Kotlin标准库版本：

   subprojects {
       configurations.all {
           resolutionStrategy {
               force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.9.20"
               force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.9.20"
               force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.9.20"
           }
       }
   }
   

3. 清理缓存重新构建
   执行flutter clean后再运行flutter build apk，确保缓存更新。

另外注意：当前Android Gradle插件（AGP）版本为7.3.0，建议搭配Kotlin 1.8.20及以上版本，避免版本兼容问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者izidoraz