Kotlin多平台项目podspec的script_phases被AS同步修改致构建失败

我正在开发一个Kotlin Multiplatform库，遇到以下问题：

• podspec被自动修改：podspec中的spec.script_phases初始内容为：

spec.script_phases = [
    {
        :name => 'Build kotlin_mpp',
        :execution_position => :before_compile,
        :shell_path => '/bin/sh',
        :script => <<-SCRIPT
            if [ "YES" = "$COCOAPODS_SKIP_KOTLIN_BUILD" ]; then
              echo "Skipping Gradle build task invocation due to COCOAPODS_SKIP_KOTLIN_BUILD environment variable set to \"YES\""
              exit 0
            fi
            set -ev
            REPO_ROOT="$PODS_TARGET_SRCROOT"
            "$REPO_ROOT/../gradlew" -p "$REPO_ROOT/.." $KOTLIN_PROJECT_PATH:syncFramework \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.platform=$PLATFORM_NAME \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.archs="$ARCHS" \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.configuration=$CONFIGURATION \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.cflags="$OTHER_CFLAGS" \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.paths.headers="$HEADER_SEARCH_PATHS" \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.paths.frameworks="$FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_PATHS"

        SCRIPT
    }
]

但每次Android Studio同步（包括开机启动时），这段内容会被自动修改为：

spec.script_phases = [
    {
        :name => 'Build kotlin_mpp',
        :execution_position => :before_compile,
        :shell_path => '/bin/sh',
        :script => <<-SCRIPT
            if [ "YES" = "$OVERRIDE_KOTLIN_BUILD_IDE_SUPPORTED" ]; then
              echo "Skipping Gradle build task invocation due to OVERRIDE_KOTLIN_BUILD_IDE_SUPPORTED environment variable set to \"YES\""
              exit 0
            fi
            set -ev
            REPO_ROOT="$PODS_TARGET_SRCROOT"
            "$REPO_ROOT/../gradlew" -p "$REPO_ROOT" $KOTLIN_PROJECT_PATH:syncFramework \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.platform=$PLATFORM_NAME \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.archs="$ARCHS" \
                -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.configuration="$CONFIGURATION"
        SCRIPT
    }
]

• 构建报错：执行pod install后Xcode构建会抛出Gradle脚本编译错误：

* What went wrong:
Script compilation errors:

  Line 14:     alias(libs.plugins.kotlinMultiplatform)
                     ^ Unresolved reference: libs

  Line 15:     alias(libs.plugins.kotlinCocoapods)
                     ^ Unresolved reference: libs

  Line 16:     alias(libs.plugins.androidLibrary)
                     ^ Unresolved reference: libs

  Line 18:     alias(libs.plugins.sqldelight)
                     ^ Unresolved reference: libs

  Line 19:     alias(libs.plugins.kotlinSerialization)
                     ^ Unresolved reference: libs

  Line 20:     alias(libs.plugins.openapigen)
                     ^ Unresolved reference: libs

• 临时修复：只能丢弃podspec的改动才能恢复正常构建。
• 当前Podfile配置：

use_frameworks!
inhibit_all_warnings!
pod 'kotlin_mpp', :path => './kotlin-mpp/kotlin-mpp'

...

1. 阻止Gradle自动修改podspec #

Kotlin Multiplatform的cocoapods插件默认会自动更新podspec文件。要保留自定义的script_phases，可以在KMP模块的build.gradle.kts（或build.gradle）中禁用自动生成逻辑：

cocoapods {
    // 禁用自动生成/更新podspec
    generatePodspec = false
    // 保留原有框架配置
    framework {
        // ... 你的框架配置
    }
    // ... 其他cocoapods配置
}

修改后，Android Studio同步时不会再覆盖podspec，你可以手动维护spec.script_phases的内容。

2. 自定义Gradle生成的podspec脚本 #

如果需要保留自动生成podspec的能力，可以在Gradle配置中直接定义script_phases的内容，确保生成的脚本符合需求：

cocoapods {
    framework {
        // ... 你的框架配置
    }
    podspec {
        scriptPhases = listOf(
            PodspecScriptPhase(
                name = "Build kotlin_mpp",
                executionPosition = PodspecScriptPhase.ExecutionPosition.BEFORE_COMPILE,
                shellPath = "/bin/sh",
                script = """
                    if [ "YES" = "$COCOAPODS_SKIP_KOTLIN_BUILD" ]; then
                      echo "Skipping Gradle build task invocation due to COCOAPODS_SKIP_KOTLIN_BUILD environment variable set to \"YES\""
                      exit 0
                    fi
                    set -ev
                    REPO_ROOT="$PODS_TARGET_SRCROOT"
                    "$REPO_ROOT/../gradlew" -p "$REPO_ROOT/.." $KOTLIN_PROJECT_PATH:syncFramework \
                        -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.platform=$PLATFORM_NAME \
                        -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.archs="$ARCHS" \
                        -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.configuration=$CONFIGURATION \
                        -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.cflags="$OTHER_CFLAGS" \
                        -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.paths.headers="$HEADER_SEARCH_PATHS" \
                        -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.paths.frameworks="$FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_PATHS"
                """.trimIndent()
            )
        )
    }
}

这样Gradle生成的podspec会直接使用你定义的脚本，不会再替换为错误版本。

3. Podfile钩子临时适配（不推荐） #

如果暂时无法修改Gradle配置，可以在Podfile中添加post_install钩子，自动恢复正确的脚本内容：

post_install do |installer|
    podspec_path = './kotlin-mpp/kotlin-mpp/kotlin_mpp.podspec'
    content = File.read(podspec_path)
    corrected_script = <<-SCRIPT
        if [ "YES" = "$COCOAPODS_SKIP_KOTLIN_BUILD" ]; then
          echo "Skipping Gradle build task invocation due to COCOAPODS_SKIP_KOTLIN_BUILD environment variable set to \"YES\""
          exit 0
        fi
        set -ev
        REPO_ROOT="$PODS_TARGET_SRCROOT"
        "$REPO_ROOT/../gradlew" -p "$REPO_ROOT/.." $KOTLIN_PROJECT_PATH:syncFramework \\
            -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.platform=$PLATFORM_NAME \\
            -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.archs="$ARCHS" \\
            -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.configuration=$CONFIGURATION \\
            -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.cflags="$OTHER_CFLAGS" \\
            -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.paths.headers="$HEADER_SEARCH_PATHS" \\
            -Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.paths.frameworks="$FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_PATHS"
    SCRIPT
    content = content.gsub(/:script => <<-SCRIPT.*?SCRIPT/m, ":script => <<-SCRIPT\n#{corrected_script}\n        SCRIPT")
    File.write(podspec_path, content)
end

注意：这种方法是临时方案，Android Studio同步仍会覆盖podspec，优先推荐前两种Gradle层面的解决方式。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vincenzo