迁移Xamarin.Forms至MAUI后iOS端UIApplication.Main()抛出异常求助

问题概述 #

将Xamarin.Forms应用迁移至MAUI后，Android版本可正常构建运行，但iOS端出现启动失败：Program.Main(args)抛出TypeLoadException，且iOS设备的看门狗进程会在调试启动前就终止应用。已尝试清理并重建项目，问题未解决。

环境信息 #

• .NET版本：8.0.303
• iOS版本：17.5.1
• 引用的NuGet包：ACR.UserDialogs (9.0.0)、CommunityToolkit.Maui (9.0.2)、CommunityToolkit.Mvvm (8.2.2)、FFImageLoading.Maui (1.2.6)、Microsoft.AppCenter (5.0.5)、Microsoft.AppCenter.Crashes (5.0.5)、Microsoft.AppCenter.Analytics (5.0.5)、Microsoft.Maui.Controls (8.0.70)、Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility (8.0.70)、Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Maps (8.0.70)、Microsoft.NET.ILLink.Tasks (8.0.7)、MonkeyCache.SQLite(2.1.1)、Newtonsoft.JSON(13.0.3)、Prism.Core (9.0.462)、Prism.DryIoc.Maui (9.0.462)、Prism.Maui (9.0.462)、Prism.Maui.Rx (9.0.462)、SkiaSharp (2.88.8)、Syncfusion.Licensing (26.1.42)、Syncfusion.Maui.Calendar (26.1.42)、Syncfusion.Maui.Core (26.1.42)、Syncfusion.Maui.Inputs (26.1.42)、Syncfusion.Maui.Popup (26.1.42)、Syncfusion.Maui.TabView (26.1.42)、Xam.Plugin.DeviceInfo (4.2.0)、ZXing.Net.Maui (0.4.0)、ZXing.Net.Maui.Controls (0.4.0)

核心代码（Program.cs） #

using MyMauiApp;
using ObjCRuntime;
using System.Diagnostics;
using UIKit;

namespace MyMaui
{
    public class Program
    {
        // 应用主入口
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 如需使用自定义AppDelegate，可在此指定
            try
            {
                UIApplication.Main(args, null, typeof(AppDelegate));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Debug.WriteLine("*-*-*-*-*-*-*-");
                Debug.WriteLine(ex);
                Debug.WriteLine("*-*-*-*-*-*-*-");
            }
        }
    }
}

捕获的异常信息 #

[0:] *-*-*-*-*-*-*-\n[0:] System.TypeLoadException: Could not resolve type with token 01000005 from typeref (expected class 'System.Runtime.CompilerServices.InternalsVisibleToAttribute' in assembly 'netstandard, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=cc7b13ffcd2ddd51')
   at System.Reflection.CustomAttribute.GetCustomAttributesBase(ICustomAttributeProvider , Type , Boolean )
   at System.Reflection.CustomAttribute.GetCustomAttributes(ICustomAttributeProvider , Type , Boolean )
   at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.GetCustomAttributes(Type , Boolean )
   at Microsoft.Maui.Platform.ReflectionExtensions.GetCustomAttributesSafe(Assembly assembly, Type attrType)
   at Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Internals.Registrar.RegisterAll(Assembly[] assemblies, Assembly defaultRendererAssembly, Type[] attrTypes, InitializationFlags flags, Action`1 viewRegistered, IFontRegistrar fontRegistrar)
   at Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Internals.Registrar.RegisterAll(Type[] attrTypes, InitializationFlags flags, IFontRegistrar fontRegistrar)
   at Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Internals.Registrar.RegisterAll(Type[] attrTypes, IFontRegistrar fontRegistrar)
   at Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility.Forms.RegisterCompatRenderers(IMauiContext )
   at Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility.Forms.SetupInit(IMauiContext , Nullable`1 )
   at Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility.Forms.Init(IActivationState , Nullable`1 )
   at Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility.Hosting.AppHostBuilderExtensions.<>c.<OnConfigureLifeCycle>b__1_1(IMauiContext mauiContext)
   at Microsoft.Maui.Platform.ApplicationExtensions.<>c__DisplayClass3_0.<CreatePlatformWindow>b__0(OnMauiContextCreated del)
   at Microsoft.Maui.LifecycleEvents.LifecycleEventServiceExtensions.InvokeLifecycleEvents[OnMauiContextCreated](IServiceProvider services, Action`1 action)
   at Microsoft.Maui.Platform.ApplicationExtensions.CreatePlatformWindow(IApplication application, UIWindowScene windowScene, NSDictionary[] states)
   at Microsoft.Maui.Platform.ApplicationExtensions.CreatePlatformWindow(IUIApplicationDelegate platformApplication, IApplication application, UIApplication uiApplication, NSDictionary launchOptions)
   at Microsoft.Maui.MauiUIApplicationDelegate.FinishedLaunching(UIApplication application, NSDictionary launchOptions)
   at MauiSalesSupportApp.AppDelegate.FinishedLaunching(UIApplication app, NSDictionary options) in C:\Users\myUser\Documents\Source-Repos\myRepo\mySolution\Platforms\iOS\AppDelegate.cs:line 70
   at UIKit.UIApplication.UIApplicationMain(Int32 , String[] , IntPtr , IntPtr ) in /Users/builder/azdo/_work/1/s/xamarin-macios/src/UIKit/UIApplication.cs:line 58
   at UIKit.UIApplication.Main(String[] , Type , Type ) in /Users/builder/azdo/_work/1/s/xamarin-macios/src/UIKit/UIApplication.cs:line 94
   at myApp.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\myUser\Documents\Source-Repos\myRepo\myApp\Platforms\iOS\Program.cs:line 17
[0:] *-*-*-*-*-*-*-\n

解决建议 #

• 移除兼容性包：如果未依赖Xamarin.Forms旧渲染器，删除Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility包，该包可能引入netstandard 2.0的依赖冲突。
• 调整链接行为：在iOS项目属性中，将链接行为从「链接所有程序集」改为「仅链接SDK程序集」或「不链接」，避免链接器误删必要类型。
• 更新NuGet包：检查所有第三方包是否适配.NET 8 MAUI，比如ACR.UserDialogs、Prism.Maui等，升级到最新兼容版本。
• 清理NuGet缓存：删除本地NuGet缓存目录（%userprofile%\.nuget\packages），重新还原所有包。
• 检查项目配置：确认iOS项目的TargetFramework为net8.0-ios，无混合netstandard引用；移除项目中旧的AssemblyInfo.cs里不必要的InternalsVisibleTo属性。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Matt_Ba