运行Slack API相关JS文件时出现ERR_REQUIRE_ESM错误求助

你在Node.js 18环境下开发Slack Bot时遇到了ERR_REQUIRE_ESM错误，核心原因是依赖的@slack包及axios已采用纯ESM格式，而你使用的第三方esm加载器与Node.js原生ESM支持产生冲突。

现有代码 #

index.js #

require = require("esm")(module/*, options*/)
module.exports = require("./app.js")

app.js #

import { RTMClient } from "@slack/rtm-api";
import { SLACK_0AUTH_TOKEN } from './constants.js';

const rtm = new RTMClient(SLACK_0AUTH_TOKEN); 

rtm.start().catch(console.error);

rtm.on('ready', async () => {
    console.log('Bot is now online');
});

package.json #

{
  "name": "slackapi",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Slack Bot Testing",
  "main": "src",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "start": "node ."
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "@slack/rtm-api": "^7.0.0",
    "@slack/web-api": "^7.3.1",
    "esm": "^3.2.25"
  }
}

错误信息 #

D:\Desktop\SlackAPI\node_modules\@slack\web-api\dist\WebClient.js:1
Error [ERR_REQUIRE_ESM]: require() of ES Module D:\Desktop\SlackAPI\node_modules\axios\index.js not supported.
Instead change the require of index.js in null to a dynamic import() which is available in all CommonJS modules.
    at Object.<anonymous> (D:\Desktop\SlackAPI\node_modules\@slack\web-api\dist\WebClient.js:63:33)
    at Object.<anonymous> (D:\Desktop\SlackAPI\node_modules\@slack\web-api\dist\index.js:22:19)
    at Object.<anonymous> (D:\Desktop\SlackAPI\node_modules\@slack\rtm-api\dist\RTMClient.js:12:19)
    at Object.<anonymous> (D:\Desktop\SlackAPI\node_modules\@slack\rtm-api\dist\index.js:5:19)
    at Generator.next (<anonymous>)
    at Object.<anonymous> (D:\Desktop\SlackAPI\src\app.js:1)
    at Generator.next (<anonymous>)
    at Object.<anonymous> (D:\Desktop\SlackAPI\src\index.js:4:18) {
  code: 'ERR_REQUIRE_ESM'
}

解决方案 #

Node.js 18原生支持ES模块，无需依赖第三方esm加载器，按以下步骤修改：

1. 移除esm依赖
   执行卸载命令：

   npm uninstall esm
   

2. 修改package.json启用原生ESM
   添加"type": "module"字段，同时更新入口和启动脚本配置：

   {
     "name": "slackapi",
     "version": "1.0.0",
     "description": "Slack Bot Testing",
     "type": "module",
     "main": "src/app.js",
     "scripts": {
       "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
       "start": "node src/app.js"
     },
     "author": "",
     "license": "ISC",
     "dependencies": {
       "@slack/rtm-api": "^7.0.0",
       "@slack/web-api": "^7.3.1"
     }
   }
   

3. 删除index.js文件
   不再需要这个中间加载器文件，直接以app.js作为项目入口。

4. 确认constants.js的导出格式
   确保常量文件使用ES模块导出语法：

   export const SLACK_0AUTH_TOKEN = "你的Slack授权令牌";
   

5. 启动项目
   执行启动命令：

   npm start
   

完成以上修改后，项目将使用Node.js原生ESM加载模块，解决与@slack包、axios的兼容性问题，Bot应该能正常启动并输出Bot is now online。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Century Tuna