Spring Boot项目在IntelliJ IDEA运行正常，终端运行Jar包时MongoDB连接失败问题求助

问题背景 #

我开发的Spring Boot告警系统在IntelliJ IDEA中启动完全正常，但将项目打包成Jar文件后，在终端运行时抛出了MongoDB连接相关的异常，导致上下文初始化失败。

核心错误日志 #

ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'alertController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'alertService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'alertService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'alertRepo'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'alertRepository' defined in org.example.repository.AlertRepository defined in @EnableMongoRepositories declared on Application: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'mongoTemplate' while setting bean property 'mongoOperations'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'mongoTemplate' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/data/mongo/MongoDatabaseFactoryDependentConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'mongoTemplate' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'mongoDatabaseFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/data/mongo/MongoDatabaseFactoryConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'mongoDatabaseFactory' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mongo' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/mongo/MongoAutoConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.mongodb.client.MongoClient]: Factory method 'mongo' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The connection string is invalid. Connection strings must start with either 'mongodb://' or 'mongodb+srv://

项目配置文件 #

application.properties

spring.config.import=optional:file:.env[.properties]
spring.data.mongodb.uri=${MONGO_DB}
spring.data.mongodb.database=${DATABASE_NAME}
gmail.email=${GMAIL_ID}
gmail.app.password=${GMAIL_APP_PASSWORD}

.env文件（存放环境变量）

MONGO_DB=mongodb+srv://username:password@cluster0.ldofpxl.mongodb.net/?retryWrites=true&w=majority
DATABASE_NAME=Master

项目核心代码与依赖 #

Pom.xml关键部分

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version> <!-- Spring Boot版本 -->
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>AlertSystemBE</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 其他依赖如Thymeleaf、邮件、Jsoup等已省略 -->
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

启动类Application.java

package org.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.config.EnableMongoRepositories;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableMongoRepositories
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public WebMvcConfigurer corsConfigurer() {
        return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
            @Override
            public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
                registry.addMapping("/**")
                        .allowedOrigins("*")
                        .allowedMethods("GET", "PUT", "POST", "PATCH", "DELETE")
                        .maxAge(3600);
            }
        };
    }
}

Repository、Service、Model核心片段

AlertRepository（MongoDB仓库接口）：

@Repository
public interface AlertRepository extends MongoRepository<Alert, String> {
    List<Alert> findAllAlertByAssignedTo(int assignedTo);
    List<Alert> findAllAlertByTimeOfArrivalBetween(Date start, Date end);
}

AlertService（业务逻辑层）：

@Service
public class AlertService {

    @Autowired
    private AlertRepository alertRepo;

    public List<Alert> getAllAlerts() {
        return alertRepo.findAll();
    }

    public List<Alert> getAlertsByAssignedTo(int assignedTo){
        return alertRepo.findAllAlertByAssignedTo(assignedTo);
    }

    // 按时间范围查询的方法已省略部分实现
}

Alert（MongoDB文档模型）：

@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Document(collection = "Alert")
public class Alert {
    @Id
    private String id;
    @NotNull(message = "Title can't be empty")
    private String title;
    private String description;
    private Date timeOfArrival=new Date();
    private int assignedTo;
    // 其他字段已省略
}

已排查的内容 #

1. MANIFEST.MF配置：启动类和Spring Boot相关配置正常，内容如下：

Created-By: Maven Jar Plugin 3.2.0
Build-Jdk-Spec: 11
Implementation-Title: AlertSystemBE
Implementation-Version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
Main-Class: org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher
Start-Class: org.example.Application
Spring-Boot-Version: 2.5.2
Spring-Boot-Classes: BOOT-INF/classes/
Spring-Boot-Lib: BOOT-INF/lib/
Spring-Boot-Classpath-Index: BOOT-INF/classpath.idx
Spring-Boot-Layers-Index: BOOT-INF/layers.idx

2. Java版本：本地安装的是OpenJDK 11，与项目编译版本一致：

PS C:\Users\mansi.keshari\Downloads\demo2\demo2\Alert_Polling> java --version
openjdk 11.0.18 2023-01-17 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Corretto-11.0.18.10.1 (build 11.0.18+10-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Corretto-11.0.18.10.1 (build 11.0.18+10-LTS, mixed mode)

3. 打包命令：执行过mvn clean package和mvn clean install重新打包，Jar文件生成正常。

求助问题 #

为什么项目在IntelliJ IDEA中能正常读取.env文件里的MongoDB连接字符串，而终端运行Jar包时却提示连接字符串无效？应该如何修复这个问题？

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mansi Keshari