内核更新后无法安装linux-headers-amd64的问题求助

问题背景 #

对OpenMediaVault机器执行全系统升级（包含内核更新）后，NVIDIA显卡无法正常工作，原因是驱动未正确加载。排查发现系统未安装linux-headers-amd64包，尝试安装时出现依赖错误。

安装错误日志 #

# apt-get install linux-headers-amd64
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 linux-headers-amd64 : Depends: linux-headers-6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 (= 6.1.90-1~bpo11+1) but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

当前系统信息 #

内核版本 #

# uname -a
Linux openmediavault 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.90-1~bpo11+1 (2024-05-06) x86_64 GNU/Linux

已安装Linux相关包 #

# dpkg -l | grep linux-
ii  binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu          2.35.2-2                             amd64        GNU binary utilities, for x86-64-linux-gnu target
ii  firmware-linux-free                20200122-1                           all          Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux kernel
ii  firmware-linux-nonfree             20230210-5~bpo11+1                   all          Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux kernel (metapackage)
ii  linux-base                         4.6                                  all          Linux image base package
ii  linux-compiler-gcc-10-x86          5.10.221-1                           amd64        Compiler for Linux on x86 (meta-package)
ii  linux-image-6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 6.1.90-1~bpo11+1                     amd64        Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ic  linux-image-6.1.0-0.deb11.7-amd64  6.1.20-2~bpo11+1                     amd64        Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ic  linux-image-amd64                  6.1.90-1~bpo11+1                     amd64        Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)
ii  linux-kbuild-5.10                  5.10.221-1                           amd64        Kbuild infrastructure for Linux 5.10
ii  linux-libc-dev:amd64               5.10.221-1                           amd64        Linux support headers for userspace development

已执行操作 #

• 多次运行apt-get update和apt-get upgrade，系统已完成全量更新
• 执行apt-cache search linux-headers，仅能检索到linux-headers-6.1.0-0.deb11.22-amd64版本，无法找到当前内核对应的linux-headers-6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64
• 已卸载所有NVIDIA驱动，将在成功安装内核头文件后重新安装驱动

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者MyselfAndOnlyMe