为何创建子类后，在PyCharm中无法调用指定函数？

核心原因 #

你犯了两个关键错误：

1. 你将Tesla实例化为**Car类对象**，但Car类本身并没有upgrade_battery方法——这个方法属于Battery类，只有ElectricCar子类的实例才会绑定battery属性。
2. 就算实例化为ElectricCar，upgrade_battery也不是ElectricCar的直接方法，必须通过实例的battery属性去调用。

修正步骤 #

1. 替换实例化类：把Tesla = Car("Telsa", "Cybertruck", "2024")改成Tesla = ElectricCar("Tesla", "Cybertruck", 2024)（注意修正拼写错误"Telsa"，年份用整数更符合逻辑）。
2. 正确调用方法：通过battery属性调用方法，即Tesla.battery.upgrade_battery()。

修正后的完整代码 #

class Car:
    """A simple attempt to represent a car."""

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """Initialize attributes to describe a car."""
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """Return a neatly formatted descriptive name."""
        long_name = f"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}"
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        """Print a statement showing the car's mileage."""
        print(f"This car has {self.odometer_reading} miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(self, mileage):
        """Set the odometer reading to the given value."""
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self, miles):
        """Add the given amount to the odometer reading."""
        self.odometer_reading += miles


class Battery:
    def __init__(self, battery_size=40):
        """Initialize the battery's attributes."""
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        """Print a statement describing the battery size."""
        print(f"This car has a {self.battery_size}-kWh battery.")

    def get_range(self):
        """Print a statement about the range this battery provides."""
        if self.battery_size == 40:
            range_val = 150
        elif self.battery_size == 65:
            range_val = 225

        print(f"This car can go about {range_val} miles on a full charge.")

    def upgrade_battery(self):
        """Upgrade the battery if possible."""
        if self.battery_size == 40:
            self.battery_size = 65
            print("Upgraded the battery to 65 kWh.")
        else:
            print("The battery is already upgraded.")


class ElectricCar(Car):
    """Represent aspects of a car, specific to electric vehicles."""

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """
        Initialize attributes of the parent class.
        Then initialize attributes specific to an electric car.
        """
        super().__init__(make, model, year)
        self.battery = Battery()


# 修正实例化与方法调用
Tesla = ElectricCar("Tesla", "Cybertruck", 2024)
Tesla.battery.upgrade_battery()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者The Code