Docker部署Django+PostGIS项目启动失败：AttributeError报错求助

Docker启动Django+PostGIS项目时抛出错误：

AttributeError: /usr/lib/libgdal.so.20: undefined symbol: OSRSetAxisMappingStrategy

已尝试更新所有依赖库但无效，使用的Docker配置如下：

FROM python:3.11-buster

# Set work directory
WORKDIR /app

# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y \
        binutils \
        libproj-dev \
        gdal-bin \
        libgdal-dev \
        postgresql-client \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \

ENV CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal
ENV C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal

# Install Poetry
COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock* ./
RUN pip install poetry && \
    poetry config virtualenvs.create false && \
    poetry install --no-dev

# Copy the application code
COPY . .

# Expose ports
EXPOSE 8000
EXPOSE 8001

# Run the application
ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "poetry run gunicorn app.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000"]

解决方案 #

1. 锁定GDAL/Proj版本匹配 #

该错误源于GDAL与Proj库版本不兼容，OSRSetAxisMappingStrategy是Proj 6+引入的符号，旧版GDAL可能依赖低版本Proj。可在安装时指定兼容的具体版本：
修改Dockerfile中系统依赖安装部分：

RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y \
        binutils \
        libproj15=6.3.1-1+b2 \
        gdal-bin=2.4.0+dfsg-1+b1 \
        libgdal20=2.4.0+dfsg-1+b1 \
        libgdal-dev=2.4.0+dfsg-1+b1 \
        postgresql-client \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

版本号需与buster源中可用版本匹配，可通过apt-cache show libgdal-dev在buster容器内查询对应版本。

2. 调整依赖安装顺序 #

修改系统依赖安装顺序，确保Proj先安装，避免版本冲突：

RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y \
        binutils \
        libproj-dev \
        postgresql-client \
    && apt-get install -y \
        gdal-bin \
        libgdal-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

3. 更换预配置GIS基础镜像 #

若buster源的GDAL/Proj存在兼容性问题，可使用已预配置兼容环境的GIS镜像作为基础，比如geodata/gdal:3.0-python3：

FROM geodata/gdal:3.0-python3

# Set work directory
WORKDIR /app

# Install Poetry
COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock* ./
RUN pip install poetry && \
    poetry config virtualenvs.create false && \
    poetry install --no-dev

# Copy the application code
COPY . .

# Expose ports
EXPOSE 8000
EXPOSE 8001

# Run the application
ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "poetry run gunicorn app.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000"]

4. 对齐Python依赖与系统GDAL版本 #

检查pyproject.toml中的GDAL依赖版本，确保与系统安装的GDAL版本一致。例如系统安装GDAL 2.4，则Python依赖指定对应版本：

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
gdal = "~2.4.0"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者NIKITOS