无法通过Anaconda安装包/创建环境，出现KeyError及SSL模块错误

我使用Miniconda 3、Spyder 5.5.5和Python 3.10.11，尝试通过Spyder或终端安装scikit-learn、创建新环境时均遭遇报错，错误信息如下：

KeyError('active_prefix_name')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/exception_handler.py", line 18, in __call__
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 52, in main_subshell
    from .conda_argparse import do_call, generate_parser, generate_pre_parser
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 51, in <module>
    from .main_create import configure_parser as configure_parser_create
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/main_create.py", line 16, in <module>
    from ..notices import notices
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/notices/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .core import notices  # noqa: F401
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/notices/core.py", line 15, in <module>
    from . import cache, fetch, views
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/notices/fetch.py", line 11, in <module>
    import requests
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line 164, in <module>
    from .api import delete, get, head, options, patch, post, put, request
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 11, in <module>
    from . import sessions
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 15, in <module>
    from .adapters import HTTPAdapter
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 76, in <module>
    _preloaded_ssl_context = create_urllib3_context()
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 252, in create_urllib3_context
    raise TypeError("Can't create an SSLContext object without an ssl module")
TypeError: Can't create an SSLContext object without an ssl module

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/exception_handler.py", line 165, in print_unexpected_error_report
    get_main_info_str(error_report["conda_info"])
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/main_info.py", line 399, in get_main_info_str
    return "\n".join(("", *(f"{key:>23} : {value}" for key, value in builder()), ""))
                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/main_info.py", line 399, in <genexpr>
    return "\n".join(("", *(f"{key:>23} : {value}" for key, value in builder()), ""))
                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/main_info.py", line 359, in builder
    if info_dict["active_prefix_name"]:
       ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
KeyError: 'active_prefix_name'

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/exception_handler.py", line 18, in __call__
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 52, in main_subshell
        from .conda_argparse import do_call, generate_parser, generate_pre_parser
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 51, in <module>
        from .main_create import configure_parser as configure_parser_create
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/cli/main_create.py", line 16, in <module>
        from ..notices import notices
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/notices/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
        from .core import notices  # noqa: F401
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/notices/core.py", line 15, in <module>
        from . import cache, fetch, views
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/conda/notices/fetch.py", line 11, in <module>
        import requests
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line 164, in <module>
        from .api import delete, get, head, options, patch, post, put, request
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 11, in <module>
        from . import sessions
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 15, in <module>
        from .adapters import HTTPAdapter
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 76, in <module>
        _preloaded_ssl_context = create_urllib3_context()
                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "/opt/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 252, in create_urllib3_context
        raise TypeError("Can't create an SSLContext object without an ssl module")
    TypeError: Can't create an SSLContext object without an ssl module

`$ /opt/miniconda3/bin/conda install scikit-learn`

  environment variables:
conda info could not be constructed.
KeyError('active_prefix_name')

An unexpected error has occurred. Conda has prepared the above report.
If you suspect this error is being caused by a malfunctioning plugin,
consider using the --no-plugins option to turn off plugins.

Example: conda --no-plugins install <package>

Alternatively, you can set the CONDA_NO_PLUGINS environment variable on
the command line to run the command without plugins enabled.

Example: CONDA_NO_PLUGINS=true conda install <package>

If submitted, this report will be used by core maintainers to improve
future releases of conda.
Would you like conda to send this report to the core maintainers? [y/N]: 
Timeout reached. No report sent.

我已尝试创建新环境，但仍出现相同错误。

解决步骤 #

1. 禁用Conda插件尝试安装 #

根据报错提示，先排除插件干扰：

conda --no-plugins install scikit-learn

或者通过环境变量临时禁用插件：

CONDA_NO_PLUGINS=true conda install scikit-learn

2. 修复SSL模块缺失问题 #

核心错误是SSL模块缺失，按系统类型处理：

• Debian/Ubuntu系：安装SSL依赖库

  sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
  

• CentOS/RHEL系：安装SSL依赖库

  sudo yum install openssl-devel
  

• 重新安装对应Python3.10版本的Miniconda，确保安装过程中SSL模块正常集成（安装前可备份现有环境）。

3. 重置Conda环境 #

如果Conda本身出现损坏，执行重置命令：

conda init --all
conda update conda --no-plugins

4. 绕过Conda用Pip安装 #

若上述方法无效，激活目标环境后使用Pip安装：

conda activate your_env_name  # 替换为你的环境名称，或直接用base环境
pip install scikit-learn

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ava R