WSL中安装Ruby及one_gadget（gem扩展）失败的解决求助

因Pwnable需求，需在WSL中安装Ruby并通过gem安装one_gadget扩展，但执行sudo apt install ruby时出现Snap相关错误，错误输出如下：

The following additional packages will be installed:
  fonts-lato libgmp-dev libgmpxx4ldbl libruby3.0 rake ri ruby ruby-dev ruby-net-telnet ruby-rubygems ruby-webrick ruby-xmlrpc ruby3.0 ruby3.0-dev ruby3.0-doc
  rubygems-integration unzip zip
Suggested packages:
  gmp-doc libgmp10-doc libmpfr-dev bundler
E: Sub-process [ ! -f /usr/bin/snap ] || /usr/bin/snap advise-snap --from-apt 2>/dev/null || true returned an error code (100)
E: Failure running hook [ ! -f /usr/bin/snap ] || /usr/bin/snap advise-snap --from-apt 2>/dev/null || true
E: Sub-process [ ! -f /usr/bin/snap ] || /usr/bin/snap advise-snap --from-apt 2>/dev/null || true returned an error code (100)
E: Failure running hook [ ! -f /usr/bin/snap ] || /usr/bin/snap advise-snap --from-apt 2>/dev/null || true

再次执行sudo apt install ruby仍出现相同错误：

# sudo apt install ruby
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  fonts-lato libruby3.0 rake ruby-net-telnet ruby-rubygems ruby-webrick ruby-xmlrpc ruby3.0 rubygems-integration unzip zip
Suggested packages:
  ri ruby-dev bundler
E: Sub-process [ ! -f /usr/bin/snap ] || /usr/bin/snap advise-snap --from-apt 2>/dev/null || true returned an error code (100)
E: Failure running hook [ ! -f /usr/bin/snap ] || /usr/bin/snap advise-snap --from-apt 2>/dev/null || true
E: Sub-process [ ! -f /usr/bin/snap ] || /usr/bin/snap advise-snap --from-apt 2>/dev/null || true returned an error code (100)
E: Failure running hook [ ! -f /usr/bin/snap ] || /usr/bin/snap advise-snap --from-apt 2>/dev/null || true

一、修复apt的Snap钩子错误 #

该错误由apt的Snap建议钩子执行失败导致，按以下步骤处理：

1. 检查Snap状态：

   which snap
   

   • 若输出为空（未安装Snap），直接执行下一步；
   • 若存在Snap，先重启服务：

     sudo systemctl restart snapd.service
     

2. 临时禁用Snap钩子：

   sudo sed -i 's/^APT::Update::Pre-Invoke/#APT::Update::Pre-Invoke/' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20snapd.conf
   sudo sed -i 's/^DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs/#DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs/' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20snapd.conf
   

3. 重新安装Ruby：

   sudo apt update && sudo apt install ruby -y
   

4. （可选）安装完成后恢复钩子：

   sudo sed -i 's/^#APT::Update::Pre-Invoke/APT::Update::Pre-Invoke/' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20snapd.conf
   sudo sed -i 's/^#DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs/DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs/' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20snapd.conf
   

二、其他安装one_gadget的方式 #

方式1：使用预编译二进制文件 #

直接下载编译好的二进制包，无需安装Ruby：

# 替换为最新版本的下载链接
wget https://github.com/david942j/one_gadget/releases/download/v1.8.0/one_gadget-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf one_gadget-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv one_gadget /usr/local/bin/
# 验证安装
one_gadget --version

方式2：用rbenv安装Ruby（绕过apt问题） #

rbenv是Ruby版本管理工具，可避免apt的Snap冲突：

1. 安装依赖：

   sudo apt update && sudo apt install git curl libssl-dev libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev -y
   

2. 安装rbenv：

   curl -fsSL https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/HEAD/bin/rbenv-installer | bash
   

3. 配置shell环境：

   echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
   echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
   source ~/.bashrc
   

4. 安装Ruby并设置全局版本：

   rbenv install 3.2.2
   rbenv global 3.2.2
   

5. 安装one_gadget：

   gem install one_gadget
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者김준원