如何将含单引号的无效JSON字符串转换为有效JSON

问题背景 #

数据库中存储了一段使用单引号而非双引号的类JSON字符串，标准JSON格式化工具无法识别。尝试json.dumps()仅将原字符串转为JSON格式的字符串，未解决解析问题；使用ast.literal_eval时触发SyntaxError: unterminated string literal错误，demjson3也无法正常解析。

错误原因 #

• 字符串中的\n在多行字符串定义中被解析为实际换行，导致instructions字段的字符串被截断，出现未终止的字符串字面量；
• 字符串中存在单引号与双引号混用的情况（如site_name: "Hebbar's Kitchen"），进一步干扰解析逻辑。

解决方案 #

方法1：清理字符串后使用ast.literal_eval #

先移除字符串中的实际换行，统一引号风格，再用ast.literal_eval解析为Python字典，最后转为标准JSON：

import ast
import json

json_string = """
{'author': 'Hebbars Kitchen', 'canonical_url': 'https://hebbarskitchen.com/til-chikki-recipe-sesame-chikki-gajak/', 'category': 'sweet', 'cook_time': 10, 'cuisine': 'Indian', 'description': 'easy til chikki recipe | sesame chikki recipe | til ki chikki or til gajak', 'host': 'hebbarskitchen.com', 'image': 'https://hebbarskitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/mainPhotos/til-chikki-recipe-sesame-chikki-recipe-til-ki-chikki-or-til-gajak-2.jpeg', 'ingredient_groups': [{'ingredients': ['1 cup sesame / til (white)', '1 tsp ghee / clarified butter', '1 cup jaggery / gud'], 'purpose': None}], 'ingredients': ['1 cup sesame / til (white)', '1 tsp ghee / clarified butter', '1 cup jaggery / gud'], 'instructions': 'firstly in a pan dry roast 1 cup sesame on low flame till it splutters.\nnow in another kadai heat 1 tsp ghee and add 1 cup jaggery.\nkeep stirring on medium flame till the jaggery melts completely. alternatively, use sugar, if you do not prefer jaggery.\nboil the jaggery syrup on low flame till the syrup turns glossy and thickens.\ncheck the consistency, by dropping syrup into a bowl of water, it should form hard ball and cut with a snap sound. else boil for another minute and check.\nsimmer the flame add add roasted sesame seeds.\nstir well making sure jaggery syrup coats well.\nimmediately pour the mixture over butter paper or onto steel plate greased with ghee. be quick else the mixture turns hard and will be difficult to set.\nget together forming a block, be careful as the mixture will be very hot.\nnow using a rolling pin roll the slightly thick block.\nallow to cool for a minute, and when its still warm cut into pieces.\nlastly, serve til chikki once cooled completely, or store in a airtight container and serve for a month.', 'instructions_list': ['firstly in a pan dry roast 1 cup sesame on low flame till it splutters.', 'now in another kadai heat 1 tsp ghee and add 1 cup jaggery.', 'keep stirring on medium flame till the jaggery melts completely. alternatively, use sugar, if you do not prefer jaggery.', 'boil the jaggery syrup on low flame till the syrup turns glossy and thickens.', 'check the consistency, by dropping syrup into a bowl of water, it should form hard ball and cut with a snap sound. else boil for another minute and check.', 'simmer the flame add add roasted sesame seeds.', 'stir well making sure jaggery syrup coats well.', 'immediately pour the mixture over butter paper or onto steel plate greased with ghee. be quick else the mixture turns hard and will be difficult to set.', 'get together forming a block, be careful as the mixture will be very hot.', 'now using a rolling pin roll the slightly thick block.', 'allow to cool for a minute, and when its still warm cut into pieces.', 'lastly, serve til chikki once cooled completely, or store in a airtight container and serve for a month.'], 'language': 'en-US', 'nutrients': {}, 'prep_time': 5, 'ratings': 5.0, 'ratings_count': 196, 'site_name': "Hebbar's Kitchen", 'title': 'til chikki recipe | sesame chikki recipe | til ki chikki or til gajak', 'total_time': 15, 'yields': '24 servings'}
"""

# 清理字符串：移除开头换行，替换实际换行为转义符，统一引号为单引号
cleaned_str = json_string.strip().replace('\n', '\\n').replace('"', "'")
# 解析为Python字典
data = ast.literal_eval(cleaned_str)
# 转为标准格式化JSON
formatted_json = json.dumps(data, indent=4)
print(formatted_json)

方法2：转换为标准JSON格式后用json.loads #

通过正则替换，将字符串转换为符合JSON规范的格式，再用标准JSON解析器处理：

import json
import re

json_string = """
{'author': 'Hebbars Kitchen', 'canonical_url': 'https://hebbarskitchen.com/til-chikki-recipe-sesame-chikki-gajak/', 'category': 'sweet', 'cook_time': 10, 'cuisine': 'Indian', 'description': 'easy til chikki recipe | sesame chikki recipe | til ki chikki or til gajak', 'host': 'hebbarskitchen.com', 'image': 'https://hebbarskitchen.com/wp-content/uploads/mainPhotos/til-chikki-recipe-sesame-chikki-recipe-til-ki-chikki-or-til-gajak-2.jpeg', 'ingredient_groups': [{'ingredients': ['1 cup sesame / til (white)', '1 tsp ghee / clarified butter', '1 cup jaggery / gud'], 'purpose': None}], 'ingredients': ['1 cup sesame / til (white)', '1 tsp ghee / clarified butter', '1 cup jaggery / gud'], 'instructions': 'firstly in a pan dry roast 1 cup sesame on low flame till it splutters.\nnow in another kadai heat 1 tsp ghee and add 1 cup jaggery.\nkeep stirring on medium flame till the jaggery melts completely. alternatively, use sugar, if you do not prefer jaggery.\nboil the jaggery syrup on low flame till the syrup turns glossy and thickens.\ncheck the consistency, by dropping syrup into a bowl of water, it should form hard ball and cut with a snap sound. else boil for another minute and check.\nsimmer the flame add add roasted sesame seeds.\nstir well making sure jaggery syrup coats well.\nimmediately pour the mixture over butter paper or onto steel plate greased with ghee. be quick else the mixture turns hard and will be difficult to set.\nget together forming a block, be careful as the mixture will be very hot.\nnow using a rolling pin roll the slightly thick block.\nallow to cool for a minute, and when its still warm cut into pieces.\nlastly, serve til chikki once cooled completely, or store in a airtight container and serve for a month.', 'instructions_list': ['firstly in a pan dry roast 1 cup sesame on low flame till it splutters.', 'now in another kadai heat 1 tsp ghee and add 1 cup jaggery.', 'keep stirring on medium flame till the jaggery melts completely. alternatively, use sugar, if you do not prefer jaggery.', 'boil the jaggery syrup on low flame till the syrup turns glossy and thickens.', 'check the consistency, by dropping syrup into a bowl of water, it should form hard ball and cut with a snap sound. else boil for another minute and check.', 'simmer the flame add add roasted sesame seeds.', 'stir well making sure jaggery syrup coats well.', 'immediately pour the mixture over butter paper or onto steel plate greased with ghee. be quick else the mixture turns hard and will be difficult to set.', 'get together forming a block, be careful as the mixture will be very hot.', 'now using a rolling pin roll the slightly thick block.', 'allow to cool for a minute, and when its still warm cut into pieces.', 'lastly, serve til chikki once cooled completely, or store in a airtight container and serve for a month.'], 'language': 'en-US', 'nutrients': {}, 'prep_time': 5, 'ratings': 5.0, 'ratings_count': 196, 'site_name': "Hebbar's Kitchen", 'title': 'til chikki recipe | sesame chikki recipe | til ki chikki or til gajak', 'total_time': 15, 'yields': '24 servings'}
"""

# 清理并转换格式：移除开头换行、转义内部单引号、替换键名和列表值的单引号为双引号
cleaned_str = json_string.strip()
cleaned_str = re.sub(r"(?<!\\)'", r"\\'", cleaned_str)
cleaned_str = re.sub(r"'([^']+)':", r'"\1":', cleaned_str)
cleaned_str = re.sub(r"\['([^']+)'\]", r'["\1"]', cleaned_str)

# 解析为Python字典并输出格式化JSON
data = json.loads(cleaned_str)
print(json.dumps(data, indent=4))

说明 #

• 方法1依赖ast.literal_eval对Python字面量的支持，操作简单，适合引号风格相对统一的场景；
• 方法2严格遵循JSON规范，适合需要生成标准可解析JSON的场景。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Rasik