如何在VS Code中自动启动两个Python文件并分屏显示终端？

我想配置launch.json来自动运行两个Python文件，同时让它们的终端并排显示。手动操作很简单，但自动化实现不了。目前找到最接近的方法是用命令面板里的workbench.action.terminal.join命令合并终端，但执行这个命令时需要选择要合并的目标终端，不知道怎么通过任务自动完成这个选择。

以下是我使用的launch.json配置：

{
        "version": "0.2.0",
        "compounds": [
            {
                "name": "Run: Server and Client",
                "configurations": ["Run: Server", "Run: Client"],
                "postDebugTask": "Join Terminals",
                "presentation": {
                    "group": "server-client",
                    "order": 1
                }
            }
        ],
        "configurations": [
            {
                "name": "Run: Server",
                "type": "debugpy",
                "request": "launch",
                "program": "${workspaceFolder}/server.py",
                "console": "integratedTerminal",
                "presentation": {
                    "group": "server-client",
                    "order": 1
                },
                "consoleTitle": "Server"
            },
            {
                "name": "Run: Client",
                "type": "debugpy",
                "request": "launch",
                "program": "${workspaceFolder}/client.py",
                "console": "integratedTerminal",
                "presentation": {
                    "group": "server-client",
                    "order": 2
                },
                "consoleTitle": "Client"
            }
        ], 
}

我尝试过的简单tasks.json配置：

{
        "version": "2.0.0",    
        "tasks": [
            {
                "label": "Join Terminals",
                "type": "shell",
                "command": ["${command:workbench.action.terminal.join}"],
                "problemMatcher": []
            }
        ] 
}

还试过带输入命令的tasks.json配置，也没用：

{
        "version": "2.0.0",    
        "tasks": [
            {
                "label": "Join Terminals",
                "type": "shell",
                "command": "echo ${input:terminalName}",
                "problemMatcher": []
            }
        ],
        "inputs": [
        {
          "id": "terminalName",
          "type": "command",
          "command": "command:workbench.action.terminal.join",
          "args": {
            "useFirstResult": true
          }
        }   ] 
}

核心问题是workbench.action.terminal.join本身需要交互式选择终端，没法直接在任务里自动指定。可以换两种思路实现终端并排：

思路1：用终端分组+自定义布局（无需额外扩展） #

VS Code支持通过终端分组和布局参数直接实现并排，不需要合并终端。修改launch.json的presentation字段，给每个配置添加panel选项：

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "compounds": [
        {
            "name": "Run: Server and Client",
            "configurations": ["Run: Server", "Run: Client"],
            "presentation": {
                "group": "server-client",
                "order": 1
            }
        }
    ],
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Run: Server",
            "type": "debugpy",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/server.py",
            "console": "integratedTerminal",
            "presentation": {
                "group": "server-client",
                "order": 1,
                "panel": "new" // 启动新终端面板
            },
            "consoleTitle": "Server"
        },
        {
            "name": "Run: Client",
            "type": "debugpy",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/client.py",
            "console": "integratedTerminal",
            "presentation": {
                "group": "server-client",
                "order": 2,
                "panel": "split" // 拆分当前面板，与Server终端并排
            },
            "consoleTitle": "Client"
        }
    ]
}

启动复合配置时，Server会打开新终端，Client会直接拆分面板和Server终端并排，无需额外任务。

思路2：用扩展实现自动合并终端 #

如果一定要用合并终端的方式，可借助multi-command扩展实现自动选择终端的逻辑：

1. 安装multi-command扩展
2. 在settings.json中添加自定义命令：

"multiCommand.commands": [
    {
        "command": "multiCommand.joinServerClientTerminals",
        "sequence": [
            // 先选中名为Server的终端
            {
                "command": "workbench.action.terminal.selectNamed",
                "args": { "name": "Server" }
            },
            // 执行合并命令，自动将其他终端合并到当前选中的Server终端
            "workbench.action.terminal.join"
        ]
    }
]

3. 修改tasks.json调用该自定义命令：

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "Join Terminals",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "${command:multiCommand.joinServerClientTerminals}",
            "problemMatcher": []
        }
    ]
}

启动复合配置后，postDebugTask会自动完成终端选中与合并，实现并排显示。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Andrew Robb