如何用批处理脚本将Ping命令结果分为在线、离线、过期三类？

需求：执行Ping命令，将目标IP状态分为online（在线）、offline（离线）、expired（TTL过期）三类，原脚本仅能实现两类分类，且存在语法错误。

原错误脚本 #

ping -n 1 %ip% | find "TTL"
if errorlevel 1 set error= offline
if errorlevel 0 | find "expired"
if errorlevel 0 set error=expired
else set error=online

问题分析：

• 第三行的find "expired"无输入源，前一个ping | find "TTL"已消耗Ping输出，无法被后续命令读取；
• 批处理if语法错误，else必须与对应if在同一行或用括号包裹；
• 仅执行ping -n 1易因单次丢包误判，建议用-n 4（默认次数）提升准确性。

三类Ping返回示例 #

在线设备（online） #

Pinging pcName [ip] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ip: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from ip: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from ip: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from ip: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125

Ping statistics for ip:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

离线设备（offline） #

Pinging pcName [ip] with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for ip:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),

TTL过期（expired） #

Pinging pcName [ip] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ip: TTL expired in transit.
Reply from ip: TTL expired in transit.
Reply from ip: TTL expired in transit.
Reply from ip: TTL expired in transit.

Ping statistics for ip:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

修复后的脚本 #

高效单行遍历版（仅执行一次Ping） #

@echo off
set "error=offline"
:: 遍历Ping输出的每一行，优先匹配TTL过期状态
for /f "delims=" %%a in ('ping -n 4 %ip%') do (
    echo %%a | findstr /i "TTL expired" >nul && set "error=expired" && goto :end_check
    echo %%a | findstr /i "TTL=" >nul && set "error=online"
)
:end_check
echo IP %ip% status: %error%

简洁管道版（执行两次Ping，适合对效率要求不高的场景） #

@echo off
set "error=offline"
ping -n 4 %ip% | findstr /i "TTL expired" >nul && set "error=expired" || (
    ping -n 4 %ip% | findstr /i "TTL=" >nul && set "error=online"
)
echo IP %ip% status: %error%

脚本说明 #

1. 默认将error设为offline；
2. 优先检查TTL expired字符串，匹配到直接标记为expired并终止遍历，避免被正常TTL覆盖；
3. 未匹配到过期状态时，检查是否存在TTL=（在线设备的正常回复），匹配则标记为online；
4. 若均未匹配，保持默认的offline状态。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者MatissePriem