如何用tbl_strata()和tbl_summary()实现双层跨列表头？

我的数据包含两个时间点（first、second）和两个分组（A、B），想用gtsummary包的tbl_summary()和tbl_strata()生成带配对t检验的汇总表，但没法给每组下的两个时间点添加跨列表头，同时保持原有表格结构（尤其是列顺序）不变。

可复现代码 #

# 创建数据集
df <- data.frame(
  id = rep(c(1, 2, 3), each = 4, time = 1),
  var_01 = sample(1:5, 12, replace = TRUE),
  var_02 = sample(1:5, 12, replace = TRUE),
  group = rep(c("A", "B"), each = 2, times = 3),
  time = rep(c("first", "second"), each = 1, times = 6)
)

# 当前尝试的代码
df |> 
  tbl_strata(
    strata = group,
    .tbl_fun = 
      ~ .x |> 
        tbl_summary(
          include = -id,
          by = time,
          type = contains("var") ~ "continuous",
          statistic = list(
            contains("var") ~ "{mean} ({sd})"
          ),
          missing = "no"
        ) |> 
      add_difference(
        test = everything() ~ "paired.t.test",
        group = id,
      ),
    .header = "**Group {strata}**"
  )

当前表格效果 #

目标表格效果 #

可以通过modify_spanning_header()为每组的时间点列添加跨列表头，同时用modify_column_order()维持原有列顺序，修改后的代码如下：

library(gtsummary)

# 设置随机种子保证结果可复现
set.seed(123)
df <- data.frame(
  id = rep(c(1, 2, 3), each = 4, time = 1),
  var_01 = sample(1:5, 12, replace = TRUE),
  var_02 = sample(1:5, 12, replace = TRUE),
  group = rep(c("A", "B"), each = 2, times = 3),
  time = rep(c("first", "second"), each = 1, times = 6)
)

# 生成目标表格
df |> 
  tbl_strata(
    strata = group,
    .tbl_fun = 
      ~ .x |> 
        tbl_summary(
          include = -id,
          by = time,
          type = contains("var") ~ "continuous",
          statistic = list(contains("var") ~ "{mean} ({sd})"),
          missing = "no"
        ) |> 
        add_difference(
          test = everything() ~ "paired.t.test",
          group = id,
          label = "配对t检验（p值）" # 给差异列添加明确标签
        ),
    .header = "**Group {strata}**"
  ) |> 
  # 为每组的时间点列添加跨列表头
  modify_spanning_header(
    pattern = c("time_first|time_second") ~ "**时间点**",
    pattern = "stat_*" ~ "{strata}"
  ) |> 
  # 维持原有列顺序：Group A的first、second、p值，再Group B的对应列
  modify_column_order(
    columns = c(stat_1_1, stat_1_2, stat_1_3, stat_2_1, stat_2_2, stat_2_3)
  )

关键代码说明 #

• add_difference()添加标签：给配对t检验的p值列补充明确标签，提升表格可读性；
• modify_spanning_header()设置跨列：用正则表达式匹配每组下的first/second列，添加“时间点”跨列表头，同时保留分层的Group A/B作为上层跨列；
• modify_column_order()锁定顺序：指定列的排列顺序，确保表格结构与预期一致。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Til Baum