Ubuntu升级至24.04.1 LTS后Matplotlib出现报错问题

将Ubuntu系统升级至24.04.1 LTS后，Anaconda Python环境中的Matplotlib出现异常，其他科学库运行正常。

测试代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.hist(np.random.normal(10))

执行后返回计算结果，但触发回调错误，报错信息如下：

plt.hist(np.random.normal(10))
Out[7]: 
(array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.]),
 array([8.40468485, 8.50468485, 8.60468485, 8.70468485, 8.80468485,
        8.90468485, 9.00468485, 9.10468485, 9.20468485, 9.30468485,
        9.40468485]),
 <BarContainer object of 10 artists>)Error in callback <function _draw_all_if_interactive at 0x7ff6a0b9cc20> (for post_execute), with arguments args (),kwargs {}:
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py:268 in _draw_all_if_interactive
    draw_all()

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.py:131 in draw_all
    manager.canvas.draw_idle()

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py:1905 in draw_idle
    self.draw(*args, **kwargs)

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py:387 in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:95 in draw_wrapper
    result = draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72 in draw_wrapper
    return draw(artist, renderer)

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py:3161 in draw
    self.patch.draw(renderer)

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72 in draw_wrapper
    return draw(artist, renderer)

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/patches.py:632 in draw
    self._draw_paths_with_artist_properties(

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/patches.py:617 in _draw_paths_with_artist_properties
    renderer.draw_path(gc, *draw_path_args)

  File ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py:131 in draw_path
    self._renderer.draw_path(gc, path, transform, rgbFace)

ValueError: object __array__ method not producing an array

当前环境版本：Numpy 1.26.4，Matplotlib 3.9.1

• 临时切换Matplotlib后端：在代码开头添加以下两行，强制使用非交互式后端规避绘图回调错误

  import matplotlib
  matplotlib.use('Agg')
  

  若需要交互式绘图，可尝试切换到TkAgg或Qt5Agg后端，需确保系统已安装对应依赖库。

• 重新安装并降级Matplotlib：卸载现有版本后安装兼容Ubuntu 24.04的稳定版本

  pip uninstall matplotlib -y
  pip install matplotlib==3.8.4
  

• 补充系统图形依赖：Ubuntu升级后可能缺失必要的绘图依赖，执行以下命令安装

  sudo apt-get install libpng-dev libfreetype6-dev libxcb-xinerama0
  

• 重建Anaconda虚拟环境：若上述方法无效，创建全新环境避免依赖冲突

  conda create -n new_sci_env python=3.11 numpy matplotlib
  conda activate new_sci_env
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Taylor