Flutter执行flutter run时JVM目标版本不匹配报错求助

执行flutter run时出现如下编译错误：

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':google_api_headers:compileDebugKotlin'.
> Inconsistent JVM-target compatibility detected for tasks 'compileDebugJavaWithJavac' (1.8) and 'compileDebugKotlin' (17).

  Consider using JVM Toolchain: https://kotl.in/gradle/jvm/toolchain
  Learn more about JVM-target validation: https://kotl.in/gradle/jvm/target-validation 

问题源于google_api_headers包的JVM目标版本与项目Java版本不匹配，已更新所有依赖、Android及Gradle版本至最新，问题仍存在。

环境信息 #

• ./gradlew -v输出：

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 8.9
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time:    2024-07-11 14:37:41 UTC
Revision:      d536ef36a19186ccc596d8817123e5445f30fef8

Kotlin:        1.9.23
Groovy:        3.0.21
Ant:           Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.13 compiled on January 4 2023
Launcher JVM:  22.0.1 (Oracle Corporation 22.0.1+8-16)
Daemon JVM:    /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-22.jdk/Contents/Home (no JDK specified, using current Java home)
OS:            Mac OS X 14.6.1 aarch64

• 本地JDK版本：17

配置文件 #

settings.gradle #

pluginManagement {
    def flutterSdkPath = {
        def properties = new Properties()
        file("local.properties").withInputStream { properties.load(it) }
        def flutterSdkPath = properties.getProperty("flutter.sdk")
        assert flutterSdkPath != null, "flutter.sdk not set in local.properties"
        return flutterSdkPath
    }()

    includeBuild("$flutterSdkPath/packages/flutter_tools/gradle")

    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
    }
}

plugins {
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-plugin-loader" version "1.0.0"
    id "com.android.application" version "8.5.0" apply false
    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android" version "1.9.23" apply false
    id "com.google.gms.google-services" version "4.3.8" apply false
}

include ":app"

项目根目录build.gradle #

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        // [required] flutter_background_geolocation
        maven { url "${project(':flutter_background_geolocation').projectDir}/libs" }
        maven { url 'https://developer.huawei.com/repo/' }
        // [required] background_fetch
        maven { url "${project(':background_fetch').projectDir}/libs" }
    }
}

ext {
    compileSdkVersion   = 34                // or higher / as desired
    targetSdkVersion    = 34                // or higher / as desired
    minSdkVersion       = 23                // Required minimum
    appCompatVersion    = "1.4.2"           // or higher / as desired
    playServicesLocationVersion = "21.0.1"  // or higher / as desired
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

app/build.gradle #

plugins {
   id "com.android.application"
   id "kotlin-android"
   id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
   id "com.google.gms.google-services"  // Google Services plugin
}

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

def keystoreProperties = new Properties()
def keystorePropertiesFile = rootProject.file('key.properties')
if (keystorePropertiesFile.exists()) {
    keystoreProperties.load(new FileInputStream(keystorePropertiesFile))
}

android {
    namespace "com.mycompany.test"
    compileSdkVersion 34

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    lintOptions {
        disable 'InvalidPackage'
        checkReleaseBuilds false
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.mycompany.test"
        minSdkVersion 23
        targetSdkVersion 34
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
        multiDexEnabled true
    }

    compileOptions {
        // Flag to enable support for the new language APIs (for flutter_local_notification)
        coreLibraryDesugaringEnabled true
        // Sets Java compatibility to Java 8
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget=JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

   signingConfigs {
       release {
           keyAlias keystoreProperties['keyAlias']
           keyPassword keystoreProperties['keyPassword']
           storeFile keystoreProperties['storeFile'] ? file(keystoreProperties['storeFile']) : null
           storePassword keystoreProperties['storePassword']
       }
   }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            // TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
            // Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
            minifyEnabled true
        }
    }
}

flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.8.10"
    coreLibraryDesugaring 'com.android.tools:desugar_jdk_libs:1.2.2'
}

已执行flutter pub upgrade --major-versions更新所有依赖。

针对google_api_headers包的JVM版本不兼容问题，可尝试以下修复方式：

1. 统一所有子项目的JVM目标版本 #

修改项目根目录build.gradle中的subprojects块，强制所有子项目（包括第三方插件）使用和主项目一致的JVM目标版本：

subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')

    // 添加以下配置
    tasks.withType(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.KotlinCompile).configureEach {
        kotlinOptions {
            jvmTarget = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8.toString()
        }
    }
}

2. 使用Gradle JVM工具链统一版本 #

在项目根目录build.gradle中添加JVM工具链配置，指定使用JDK 17：

subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')

    // 添加工具链配置
    java {
        toolchain {
            languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(17)
        }
    }

    tasks.withType(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.KotlinCompile).configureEach {
        kotlinOptions {
            jvmTarget = JavaVersion.VERSION_17.toString()
        }
    }
}

同时修改app/build.gradle中的版本配置，与工具链对齐：

compileOptions {
    coreLibraryDesugaringEnabled true
    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
}

kotlinOptions {
    jvmTarget=JavaVersion.VERSION_17
}

3. 临时降级google_api_headers包版本 #

在pubspec.yaml中指定该包的旧兼容版本，选择JVM目标版本为1.8的版本：

dependencies:
  google_api_headers: ^3.0.0  # 替换为实际兼容的旧版本号

4. 清理缓存后重新构建 #

执行以下命令清理缓存，避免旧编译文件干扰：

flutter clean
rm -rf ~/.gradle/caches  # Mac/Linux环境
# Windows环境请删除C:\Users\你的用户名\.gradle\caches文件夹
flutter pub get
flutter run

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LAZREQ