如何从.NET MAUI Blazor Hybrid App向控制台应用导入类/结构体/记录

需求 #

• 将.NET MAUI Blazor Hybrid App中的部分类/结构体/记录导入至控制台应用（控制台仅用于开发，不调用Blazor或.NET MAUI功能）
• 需要将目标类的访问修饰符从internal改为public，示例如下：

public record PeopleManagementPageEnglishLocalization : PeopleManagementPageLocalization
{
  public override string personManagerActivationGuidance { get; } = 
      "Click or tap the person card to view details or edit the dedicated person data.";
  
  public override SuccessMessages successMessages { get; init; } = new()
  {
    personAddingSucceeded = "Person has been added.",
    personUpdatingSucceeded = "Person has been updated",
    personDeletingSucceeded = "Person has been deleted."
  };
  
  public override ErrorMessages errorMessages { get; init; } = new()
  {
    personAddingFailed = SharedStaticEnglishStrings.SingleInstance.
        buildDataRetrievingOrSubmittingFailedPoliteMessage("The malfunction has occurred during adding of new person."),
    personUpdatingFailed = SharedStaticEnglishStrings.SingleInstance.
        buildDataRetrievingOrSubmittingFailedPoliteMessage("The malfunction has occurred during updating of person."),
    personDeletingFailed = SharedStaticEnglishStrings.SingleInstance.
      buildDataRetrievingOrSubmittingFailedPoliteMessage("The malfunction has occurred during deleting of person.")
  };
}

遇到的问题 #

添加MAUI项目引用后，控制台应用出现以下问题：

• 编译报错：无法解析System相关符号
• 运行时触发NU1201兼容性错误：项目Client不兼容net8.0，移除引用后恢复正常

尝试过的方案 #

将控制台应用的TargetFramework改为net8.0-windows，仍出现版本不兼容错误：

Error (active)  NU1201  Project Client is not compatible with net8.0-windows7.0 (.NETCoreApp,Version=v8.0). Project Client supports:
  - net8.0-android34.0 (.NETCoreApp,Version=v8.0)
  - net8.0-ios17.5 (.NETCoreApp,Version=v8.0)
  - net8.0-maccatalyst17.5 (.NETCoreApp,Version=v8.0)
  - net8.0-windows10.0.19041 (.NETCoreApp,Version=v8.0) GeneratorOfAssetsForStaticPreview   D:\IntelliJ IDEA\****\Automation\GeneratorOfAssetsForStaticPreview\GeneratorOfAssetsForStaticPreview.csproj 1       

Error (active)      Project '..\..\Implementation\Elements\Client\Client.csproj' targets 'net8.0-maccatalyst;net8.0-ios;net8.0-android;net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0'. It cannot be referenced by a project that targets '.NETCoreApp,Version=v8.0'.   GeneratorOfAssetsForStaticPreview   C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\amd64\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets   1890        

背景限制 #

必须基于现有类生成JSON文件并输出至.NET MAUI项目，且无法将这些类提取到独立的类库项目中。

解决方案 #

1. 匹配目标框架版本 #

将控制台项目的TargetFramework修改为与MAUI项目完全一致的Windows目标版本，即net8.0-windows10.0.19041。修改控制台项目的.csproj文件：

<PropertyGroup>
  <TargetFramework>net8.0-windows10.0.19041</TargetFramework>
</PropertyGroup>

2. 优化项目引用配置 #

在控制台项目的项目引用中添加PrivateAssets="all"和ExcludeAssets="runtime"，避免引入MAUI的运行时依赖，仅保留编译时所需的类型信息：

<ProjectReference Include="..\..\Implementation\Elements\Client\Client.csproj" PrivateAssets="all" ExcludeAssets="runtime" />

3. 确保访问修饰符正确修改 #

将所有需要在控制台应用中访问的类、属性、方法的访问修饰符从internal改为public，包括示例中的记录类型及其重写的属性。

4. 排除MAUI平台特定代码（可选） #

如果MAUI类中包含平台专属代码，可通过条件编译在控制台编译时排除：

#if !NET8_0_WINDOWS10_0_19041
// MAUI平台特定代码，控制台编译时会忽略
#endif

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Takeshi Tokugawa YD