升级Spring Boot 2.7.18后应用启动失败，求适配的Spring Cloud版本

API 探路者

2026-6-18

问题

将Spring Boot从2.4.3版本升级至2.7.18版本，使用Java 17，当前POM配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.18</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.seqnc</groupId>
    <artifactId>api-gateway-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>api-gateway-server</name>
    <description>API Gateway</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.9</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
    
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
</dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>       
        
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
        <finalName>api-gateway</finalName>
    </build>

</project>

启动时出现如下错误：

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/C:/Users/datta/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/C:/Users/datta/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.13.3/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.13.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/C:/Users/datta/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.12/logback-classic-1.2.12.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/C:/Users/datta/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.17.2/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.17.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.util.ContextSelectorStaticBinder]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot instantiate interface org.springframework.boot.BootstrapRegistryInitializer : org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.TextEncryptorConfigBootstrapper
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.createSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplication.java:450)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplication.java:432)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplication.java:425)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.<init>(SpringApplication.java:266)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.<init>(SpringApplication.java:246)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1300)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1289)
    at com.seqnc.ApiGatewayServerApplication.main(ApiGatewayServerApplication.java:24)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/boot/Bootstrapper
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1027)
    at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:150)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.defineClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:862)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.findClassOnClassPathOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:760)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClassOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:681)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:639)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:526)
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:534)
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:513)
    at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.forName(ClassUtils.java:284)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.createSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplication.java:443)
    ... 7 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.boot.Bootstrapper
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:526)
    ... 21 more

核心问题：当前使用的spring-cloud-dependencies版本2021.0.9与Spring Boot 2.7.18不兼容，导致引用了Spring Boot 2.6版本中已移除的org.springframework.boot.Bootstrapper类，需要找到适配的Spring Cloud版本。

解决方案

1. 适配Spring Boot 2.7.18的Spring Cloud版本

Spring Boot 2.7.x对应的Spring Cloud版本是2021.0.x（代号Jubilee），其中2021.0.10是该系列的最新稳定版本，完全兼容Spring Boot 2.7.18，可解决Bootstrapper类缺失的问题。

修改POM中的版本属性：

<properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
    <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.10</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>

2. 解决SLF4J多绑定冲突

日志冲突是因为项目同时引入了logback和log4j2的SLF4J实现，由于已引入spring-boot-starter-log4j2，需要统一排除其他依赖自带的logback：

可以在相关starter依赖中添加排除规则：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

也可以在dependencyManagement中统一排除默认日志依赖：

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 其他依赖配置... -->
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

3. 额外优化：升级JJWT版本

当前使用的JJWT 0.9.1版本较老，建议升级到兼容Java 17的0.11.5版本：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
    <version>0.11.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
    <version>0.11.5</version>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
    <version>0.11.5</version>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dattatreya Kugve

升级Spring Boot 2.7.18后应用启动失败，求适配的Spring Cloud版本

问题 #

解决方案 #

1. 适配Spring Boot 2.7.18的Spring Cloud版本 #

2. 解决SLF4J多绑定冲突 #

3. 额外优化：升级JJWT版本 #

问题

解决方案

1. 适配Spring Boot 2.7.18的Spring Cloud版本

2. 解决SLF4J多绑定冲突

3. 额外优化：升级JJWT版本