使用JsonContentPolymorphicSerializer序列化时出现kotlin/uuid/Uuid类缺失错误

我尝试用JsonContentPolymorphicSerializer动态反序列化JSON字段，反序列化功能正常，但将对象序列化为JSON时抛出以下异常：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: kotlin/uuid/Uuid

复现代码 #

fun main() {
    println(Json.encodeToString(Company("Company 1", "basic")))
}

object PlanSerializer2 : JsonContentPolymorphicSerializer<String>(String::class) {
    override fun selectDeserializer(element: JsonElement) = String.serializer()
}

@Serializable
data class Company(
    val name: String,
    @Serializable(with = PlanSerializer2::class)
    val plan: String
)

项目pom.xml配置 #

<properties>
    <ktor_version>2.3.12</ktor_version>
    <kotlin.code.style>official</kotlin.code.style>
    <kotlin_version>2.0.10</kotlin_version>
    <logback_version>1.4.14</logback_version>
    <slf4j_version>2.0.9</slf4j_version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <kotlin.compiler.incremental>true</kotlin.compiler.incremental>
    <main.class>io.ktor.server.tomcat.EngineMain</main.class>
    <serialization.version>1.7.2</serialization.version>
</properties>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<repositories>
</repositories>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.github.resilience4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>resilience4j-ratelimiter</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-server-core-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-server-tomcat-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-client-apache-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        <version>${logback_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>${slf4j_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-server-config-yaml-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-server-content-negotiation-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-server-test-host-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlin-test-junit</artifactId>
        <version>${kotlin_version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-client-mock-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlinx-coroutines-debug</artifactId>
        <version>1.6.4</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlinx-serialization-json</artifactId>
        <version>${serialization.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-serialization-kotlinx-json-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-client-auth-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-client-content-negotiation-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-client-logging-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-server-double-receive-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlinx-coroutines-test</artifactId>
        <version>1.6.4</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <version>5.11.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ktor</groupId>
        <artifactId>ktor-server-servlet-jakarta-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${ktor_version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/kotlin</sourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/kotlin</testSourceDirectory>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
        </resource>
    </resources>

    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
            <version>${kotlin_version}</version>
            <configuration>
                <compilerPlugins>
                    <plugin>kotlinx-serialization</plugin>
                </compilerPlugins>
            </configuration>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
                    <artifactId>kotlin-maven-serialization</artifactId>
                    <version>${kotlin_version}</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>compile</id>
                    <phase>compile</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>compile</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                    <id>test-compile</id>
                    <phase>test-compile</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>test-compile</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>java</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
            <configuration>
                <mainClass>${main.class}</mainClass>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
            <configuration>
                <descriptorRefs>
                    <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                </descriptorRefs>
                <archive>
                    <manifest>
                        <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                        <mainClass>${main.class}</mainClass>
                    </manifest>
                </archive>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>assemble-all</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>single</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <packagingExcludes>**/*.yaml,**/*.xml</packagingExcludes>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <source>21</source>
                <target>21</target>
            </configuration>
            <version>3.13.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>default-compile</id>
                    <phase>none</phase>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                    <id>default-testCompile</id>
                    <phase>none</phase>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                    <id>compile</id>
                    <phase>compile</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>compile</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                    <id>testCompile</id>
                    <phase>test-compile</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>testCompile</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

问题原因及解决方案 #

原因 #

JsonContentPolymorphicSerializer执行序列化逻辑时，依赖了kotlinx-uuid库中的kotlin.uuid.Uuid类，但你的pom.xml未引入该依赖，导致运行时找不到对应类。

解决方案 #

在pom.xml的<dependencies>节点中添加kotlinx-uuid-jvm依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId>
    <artifactId>kotlinx-uuid-jvm</artifactId>
    <version>0.1.1</version>
</dependency>

可根据项目使用的Kotlin版本选择匹配的最新版本（Kotlin 2.0.x兼容0.1.x及以上版本）。

另外，也可执行mvn dependency:tree命令查看项目依赖树，确认是否存在依赖冲突或版本不匹配的情况，确保所有序列化相关依赖版本兼容。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sk1X1