集成Liquibase遇循环依赖错误：entityManagerFactory与liquibase互依赖

安全阿岳

2026-6-18

Liquibase集成Spring Boot出现循环依赖问题

问题描述

将Liquibase集成到Spring Boot项目后，启动时触发循环依赖错误，liquibase与entityManagerFactory互相依赖。

异常信息

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Failed to initialize dependency 'liquibase' of LoadTimeWeaverAware bean 'entityManagerFactory': Error creating bean with name 'liquibase' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/liquibase/LiquibaseAutoConfiguration$LiquibaseConfiguration.class]: Circular depends-on relationship between 'liquibase' and 'entityManagerFactory'
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:326) ~[spring-beans-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:205) ~[spring-beans-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:952) ~[spring-context-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:624) ~[spring-context-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:146) ~[spring-boot-3.3.1.jar:3.3.1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:754) ~[spring-boot-3.3.1.jar:3.3.1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:456) ~[spring-boot-3.3.1.jar:3.3.1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:335) ~[spring-boot-3.3.1.jar:3.3.1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1363) ~[spring-boot-3.3.1.jar:3.3.1]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1352) ~[spring-boot-3.3.1.jar:3.3.1]
    at sps.SpsBackendApplication.main(SpsBackendApplication.java:26) ~[classes/:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[na:na]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:50) ~[spring-boot-devtools-3.3.1.jar:3.3.1]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'liquibase' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/liquibase/LiquibaseAutoConfiguration$LiquibaseConfiguration.class]: Circular depends-on relationship between 'liquibase' and 'entityManagerFactory'
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:308) ~[spring-beans-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:200) ~[spring-beans-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:313) ~[spring-beans-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    ... 13 common frames omitted

父pom.xml配置

...
    <properties>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
        <jib-maven.version>3.4.2</jib-maven.version>
        <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.13.0</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
        <mapstruct.version>1.5.5.Final</mapstruct.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.34</lombok.version>
    </properties>

    <modules>
        <module>backend</module>
        <module>frontend</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
                <version>${junit-jupiter.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.liquibase.ext</groupId>
                <artifactId>liquibase-hibernate6</artifactId>
                <version>4.29.2</version>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
                <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
                <version>${mockito.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
                <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>wf.garnier</groupId>
                <artifactId>testcontainers-dex</artifactId>
                <version>${testcontainers.dex.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
                        <path>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                        </path>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                            <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
                            <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
                        </path>
                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
...

子pom.xml配置

....

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.liquibase.ext</groupId>
            <artifactId>liquibase-hibernate6</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc11</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-oauth2-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>wf.garnier</groupId>
            <artifactId>testcontainers-dex</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
...

已尝试的自定义配置

LiquibaseConfig

@Configuration
public class LiquibaseConfig {

    @Bean
    @Lazy
    public SpringLiquibase liquibase() {
        SpringLiquibase liquibase = new SpringLiquibase();
        // Configure your Liquibase properties here
        liquibase.setChangeLog("classpath:db/changelog/db.changelog-master.xml");
        liquibase.setDataSource(dataSource());
        return liquibase;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new HikariDataSource();
    }
}

JpaConfig

@Configuration
public class JpaConfig {

    @Bean
    @DependsOn("liquibase")
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
        factoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.example.yourpackage");
        factoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
        return factoryBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new HikariDataSource();
    }
}

解决方案

方案1：强制指定初始化顺序

在application.properties中添加配置，让JPA延迟初始化，确保Liquibase先执行：

spring.jpa.defer-datasource-initialization=true
spring.liquibase.enabled=true

方案2：完全自定义配置，排除自动配置类

在启动类排除自动配置：

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class, LiquibaseAutoConfiguration.class})
public class SpsBackendApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpsBackendApplication.class, args);
    }
}

统一数据源配置：

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(HikariDataSource.class).build();
    }
}

修正Liquibase配置，注入统一数据源：

@Configuration
public class LiquibaseConfig {
    private final DataSource dataSource;

    public LiquibaseConfig(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public SpringLiquibase liquibase() {
        SpringLiquibase liquibase = new SpringLiquibase();
        liquibase.setChangeLog("classpath:db/changelog/db.changelog-master.xml");
        liquibase.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return liquibase;
    }
}

修正JPA配置，依赖Liquibase并注入统一数据源：

@Configuration
@DependsOn("liquibase")
public class JpaConfig {
    private final DataSource dataSource;

    public JpaConfig(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        factoryBean.setPackagesToScan("sps"); // 替换为你的实体类包路径
        factoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
        
        Properties jpaProperties = new Properties();
        jpaProperties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "none"); // 禁用Hibernate自动建表
        factoryBean.setJpaProperties(jpaProperties);
        return factoryBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
        return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactory);
    }
}

方案3：移除liquibase-hibernate6依赖

如果不需要Liquibase与Hibernate的实体对比功能，替换为核心Liquibase依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.liquibase</groupId>
    <artifactId>liquibase-core</artifactId>
</dependency>

移除原有的liquibase-hibernate6依赖，该扩展会导致Liquibase依赖EntityManagerFactory，进而引发循环依赖。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Stefan

集成Liquibase遇循环依赖错误：entityManagerFactory与liquibase互依赖

问题描述 #

异常信息 #

父pom.xml配置 #

子pom.xml配置 #

已尝试的自定义配置 #

LiquibaseConfig #

JpaConfig #

解决方案 #

方案1：强制指定初始化顺序 #

方案2：完全自定义配置，排除自动配置类 #

方案3：移除liquibase-hibernate6依赖 #