树莓派5使用gpiozero出现KeyError及SOC外设基址错误求助

问题场景 #

我用全新树莓派5测试LED闪烁功能，电路已排除故障，LED连接GPIO17引脚，使用以下Python代码：

from gpiozero import LED
from time import sleep

led = LED(17)

try:
    while True:
        led.on()
        print('...LED ON')
        sleep(0.5)
        led.off()
        print('LED OFF...')
        sleep(0.5)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    pass

运行脚本时出现如下错误：

/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/devices.py:295: PinFactoryFallback: Falling back from lgpio: 'can not open gpiochip'
  warnings.warn(
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/pins/pi.py", line 408, in pin
    pin = self.pins[info]
          ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
KeyError: PinInfo(number=11, name='GPIO17', names=frozenset({'17', 'GPIO17', 17, 'WPI0', 'BOARD11', 'J8:11', 'BCM17'}), pull='', row=6, col=1, interfaces=frozenset({'', 'spi', 'gpio', 'dpi', 'uart'}))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/kevinkrupa13/raphael-kit/python-pi5/1.1.1_BlinkingLed_zero.py", line 6, in <module>
    led = LED(17)
          ^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/devices.py", line 103, in __call__
    self = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/output_devices.py", line 192, in __init__
    super().__init__(pin, active_high=active_high,
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/output_devices.py", line 74, in __init__
    super().__init__(pin, pin_factory=pin_factory)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/mixins.py", line 75, in __init__
    super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/devices.py", line 549, in __init__
    pin = self.pin_factory.pin(pin)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/pins/pi.py", line 410, in pin
    pin = self.pin_class(self, info)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gpiozero/pins/rpigpio.py", line 101, in __init__
    GPIO.setup(self._number, GPIO.IN, self.GPIO_PULL_UPS[self._pull])
RuntimeError: Cannot determine SOC peripheral base address

脚本已获取完整权限，求可行解决方案。

解决方案 #

1. 全量更新系统及GPIO相关库 #

树莓派5的硬件架构更新后，旧版本的GPIO控制库不支持新的SOC外设基地址，先更新系统和依赖：

sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
sudo apt install --reinstall python3-gpiozero python3-lgpio

2. 指定使用lgpio引脚工厂运行脚本 #

错误提示中提到从lgpio fallback失败，可强制gpiozero使用lgpio库（树莓派5官方推荐的GPIO控制库）：

• 方法一：运行脚本时通过环境变量指定

GPIOZERO_PIN_FACTORY=lgpio python3 1.1.1_BlinkingLed_zero.py

• 方法二：在代码中直接指定引脚工厂
  修改后的代码如下：

from gpiozero import LED, Device
from gpiozero.pins.lgpio import LGPIOFactory
from time import sleep

# 指定使用lgpio引脚工厂
Device.pin_factory = LGPIOFactory()

led = LED(17)

try:
    while True:
        led.on()
        print('...LED ON')
        sleep(0.5)
        led.off()
        print('LED OFF...')
        sleep(0.5)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    pass

3. 替换为支持树莓派5的RPi.GPIO替代库 #

旧版RPi.GPIO不兼容树莓派5，可安装新版替代库rpi-lgpio：

pip install rpi-lgpio

安装完成后重新运行原脚本即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者KevinKrupa