Maven部署至GitHub Packages时遭遇301永久重定向失败求助

开发Java工具类依赖，本地部署使用正常，但部署到GitHub Packages时执行mvn clean deploy返回301永久重定向错误，错误日志如下：

[INFO] --- deploy:2.8.2:deploy (default-deploy) @ MyArtifactName ---
Uploading to github: https://www.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName/io/github/MyUserName/MyArtifactName/1.0/MyArtifactName-1.0.jar
Uploading to github: https://www.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName/io/github/MyUserName/MyArtifactName/1.0/MyArtifactName-1.0.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  19.692 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-09-08T00:10:46-04:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.8.2:deploy (default-deploy) on project MyArtifactName: Failed to deploy artifacts: Could not transfer artifact io.github.MyUserName:MyArtifactName:jar:1.0 from/to github (https://www.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName): status code: 301, reason phrase: Moved Permanently (301) -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 

环境：Mac OSX，VS Code，Maven 3.9.2/3.8.8，已配置GPG密钥、settings.xml和pom.xml。

现有配置 #

settings.xml #

<settings>
    <servers>
        <server>
            <id>github</id>
            <username>MyUserName</username>
            <password>GITHUB_CLASSIC_TOKEN_GENERATED</password>
        </server>
    </servers>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>github</id>
            <repositories>
                <repository>
                    <id>central</id>
                    <url>https://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
                </repository>
                <repository>
                    <id>github</id>
                    <url>https://maven.pkg.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName</url>
                    <snapshots>
                        <enabled>true</enabled>
                    </snapshots>
                </repository>
            </repositories>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</settings>

pom.xml（关键片段） #

<distributionManagement>
    <snapshotRepository>
        <id>github</id>
        <name>GitHub Packages</name>
        <url>https://www.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName</url>
    </snapshotRepository>
    <repository>
        <id>github</id>
        <name>GitHub Packages</name>
        <url>https://www.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName</url>
    </repository>
</distributionManagement>

<scm>
    <connection>scm:git:git://github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName.git</connection>
    <developerConnection>scm:git:ssh://github.com:MyUserName/MyUserName.git</developerConnection>
    <url>http://github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName/tree/main</url>
</scm>

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.sonatype.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>nexus-staging-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.7</version>
    <extensions>true</extensions>
    <configuration>
        <serverId>github</serverId>
        <nexusUrl>https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/</nexusUrl>
        <autoReleaseAfterClose>true</autoReleaseAfterClose>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

核心原因 #

301错误的直接原因是GitHub Packages的仓库URL配置错误：pom.xml的distributionManagement中使用了https://www.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName，这是GitHub仓库的网页地址，而非Maven包的部署地址，GitHub会将这个请求重定向到正确的packages地址，但Maven默认不跟随重定向，导致报错。

具体修复步骤 #

1. 修正distributionManagement的URL #

将pom.xml中distributionManagement下的snapshotRepository和repository的url修改为GitHub Packages的正确地址：

<distributionManagement>
    <snapshotRepository>
        <id>github</id>
        <name>GitHub Packages</name>
        <url>https://maven.pkg.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName</url>
    </snapshotRepository>
    <repository>
        <id>github</id>
        <name>GitHub Packages</name>
        <url>https://maven.pkg.github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName</url>
    </repository>
</distributionManagement>

该地址需与settings.xml中repository的url保持一致。

2. 修正SCM配置中的developerConnection错误 #

当前developerConnection的仓库名写错，应改为项目仓库MyRepoName，同时修正SSH地址格式：

<scm>
    <connection>scm:git:git://github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName.git</connection>
    <developerConnection>scm:git:ssh://git@github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName.git</developerConnection>
    <url>http://github.com/MyUserName/MyRepoName/tree/main</url>
</scm>

3. 调整nexus-staging-maven-plugin配置 #

该插件用于部署到Sonatype OSS（Maven Central前置仓库），与当前部署到GitHub Packages的需求冲突，建议：

• 若仅需部署到GitHub Packages，暂时注释或移除该插件；
• 若后续需部署到Maven Central，将该插件放到单独的profile中，避免影响GitHub部署。

示例：

<!-- 注释或移除该插件，或放到专属profile中 -->
<!--
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.sonatype.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>nexus-staging-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.7</version>
    <extensions>true</extensions>
    <configuration>
        <serverId>github</serverId>
        <nexusUrl>https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/</nexusUrl>
        <autoReleaseAfterClose>true</autoReleaseAfterClose>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
-->

4. 验证GitHub Token权限 #

确保你的GitHub经典token拥有write:packages、read:packages和repo权限，否则会出现认证失败或权限不足问题。

验证修复 #

修改配置后，执行mvn clean deploy -P github（指定github profile），即可正常部署到GitHub Packages。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user3784458