WSL(Ubuntu22.04)运行ParaView报错：'spirv-expand-step'重复注册

在WSL Ubuntu 22.04环境启动ParaView时，反复出现启动失败，报错如下：

: CommandLine Error: Option 'spirv-expand-step' registered more than once!LLVM ERROR: inconsistency in registered CommandLine options

Loguru caught a signal: SIGABRT 
Stack trace:
55      0x56464c07c3f5 paraview(+0xd3f5) [0x56464c07c3f5]
54      0x7f63bd70fe40 __libc_start_main + 128
53      0x7f63bd70fd90 /usr/bin/../lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x29d90) [0x7f63bd70fd90]
52      0x56464c07b04c paraview(+0xc04c) [0x56464c07b04c]
51      0x7f63bcf03ebe QWidgetPrivate::setVisible(bool) + 126
50      0x7f63bcef6b1e QWidget::create(unsigned long long, bool, bool) + 238
49      0x7f63bcef64f5 QWidgetPrivate::create() + 613
48      0x7f63bc23fb21 QWindowPrivate::create(bool, unsigned long long) + 161
47      0x7f63a0ac5636 QXcbIntegration::createPlatformWindow(QWindow*) const + 342
46      0x7f63a0ad9025 QXcbWindow::create() + 4389
45      0x7f639e09e7d3 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/xcbglintegrations/libqxcb-glx-integration.so(+0x97d3) [0x7f639e09e7d3]
44      0x7f639c69fadc /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX_mesa.so.0(+0x32adc) [0x7f639c69fadc]
43      0x7f639c6a2fd0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX_mesa.so.0(+0x35fd0) [0x7f639c6a2fd0]
42      0x7f639c69d143 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX_mesa.so.0(+0x30143) [0x7f639c69d143]
41      0x7f637cfe2266 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/swrast_dri.so(+0xbf266) [0x7f637cfe2266]
40      0x7f637cfd8ef0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/swrast_dri.so(+0xb5ef0) [0x7f637cfd8ef0]
39      0x7f637d62f5e7 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/swrast_dri.so(+0x70c5e7) [0x7f637d62f5e7]
38      0x7f637d62f6a6 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/swrast_dri.so(+0x70c6a6) [0x7f637d62f6a6]
37      0x7f637cfd85f0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/swrast_dri.so(+0xb55f0) [0x7f637cfd85f0]
36      0x7f637dacf85a /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/swrast_dri.so(+0xbac85a) [0x7f637dacf85a]
35      0x7f637dacf5ac /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/swrast_dri.so(+0xbac5ac) [0x7f637dacf5ac]
34      0x7f637dad09ef /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/swrast_dri.so(+0xbad9ef) [0x7f637dad09ef]
33      0x7f6384efb963 /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libd3d12core.so(+0x318963) [0x7f6384efb963]
32      0x7f6384f42e40 /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libd3d12core.so(+0x35fe40) [0x7f6384f42e40]
31      0x7f6384f41489 /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libd3d12core.so(+0x35e489) [0x7f6384f41489]
30      0x7f6384f40880 /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libd3d12core.so(+0x35d880) [0x7f6384f40880]
29      0x7f6384f40b2c /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libd3d12core.so(+0x35db2c) [0x7f6384f40b2c]
28      0x7f63850116a8 /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libd3d12core.so(+0x42e6a8) [0x7f63850116a8]
27      0x7f6385025781 /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libd3d12core.so(+0x442781) [0x7f6385025781]
26      0x7f639c5ef35f OpenAdapter12 + 175
25      0x7f639c5ef56e /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libigd12umd64.so(+0x156e) [0x7f639c5ef56e]
24      0x7f63843fd9ad /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libigd12um64xel.so(+0x309ad) [0x7f63843fd9ad]
23      0x7f6384475673 /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libigd12um64xel.so(+0xa8673) [0x7f6384475673]
22      0x7f638449be8d /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libigd12um64xel.so(+0xcee8d) [0x7f638449be8d]
21      0x7f63bd7766c8 dlopen + 72
20      0x7f63bd77612e /usr/bin/../lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x9012e) [0x7f63bd77612e]
19      0x7f63bd85ab63 _dl_catch_error + 51
18      0x7f63bd85aa98 _dl_catch_exception + 136
17      0x7f63bd77663c /usr/bin/../lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x9063c) [0x7f63bd77663c]
16      0x7f63bd91f34e /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2(+0xe34e) [0x7f63bd91f34e]
15      0x7f63bd85aa98 _dl_catch_exception + 136
14      0x7f63bd91eff6 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2(+0xdff6) [0x7f63bd91eff6]
13      0x7f63bd85aaf5 _dl_catch_exception + 229
12      0x7f63bd917568 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2(+0x6568) [0x7f63bd917568]
11      0x7f63bd91747e /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2(+0x647e) [0x7f63bd91747e]
10      0x7f6364d14c23 /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libigc.so(+0x270c23) [0x7f6364d14c23]
9       0x7f63650f798b /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libigc.so(+0x65398b) [0x7f63650f798b]
8       0x7f63575b9be0 llvm::cl::Option::addArgument() + 26
7       0x7f63575b9b5b /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libLLVM-14.so(+0x719b5b) [0x7f63575b9b5b]
6       0x7f63575b980f /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libLLVM-14.so(+0x71980f) [0x7f63575b980f]
5       0x7f63575cbf9c /usr/lib/wsl/drivers/iigd_dch.inf_amd64_df02d1089288b40d/libLLVM-14.so(+0x72bf9c) [0x7f63575cbf9c]
4       0x7f63575cbee9 llvm::report_fatal_error(llvm::Twine const&, bool) + 383
3       0x7f63bd70e7f3 abort + 211
2       0x7f63bd728476 raise + 22
1       0x7f63bd77c9fc pthread_kill + 300
0       0x7f63bd728520 /usr/bin/../lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x42520) [0x7f63bd728520](   1.492s) [paraview        ]                       :0     FATL| Signal: SIGABRTAborted

多次重装ParaView后问题依旧，可尝试以下解决方法：

• 强制使用软件渲染
  启动时指定软件渲染后端，绕开冲突的GPU驱动库：

  paraview --mesa-swr
  

  或者通过环境变量禁用硬件加速：

  export LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1
  paraview
  

• 更新WSL及系统组件

  • 更新WSL到最新版本：

    wsl --update
    

  • 升级Ubuntu系统所有包：

    sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
    

  • 确保Windows端的GPU驱动为最新版本（根据显卡品牌到对应官网下载更新）

• 更换ParaView版本
  尝试安装不同版本的ParaView，避免源版本与系统库冲突：

  1. 彻底卸载当前ParaView：

     sudo apt remove --purge paraview
     sudo apt autoremove -y
     

  2. 从官方下载预编译的二进制包（推荐5.11.x或5.12.x版本），解压后直接运行包内的paraview可执行文件

• 调整LLVM库加载优先级
  由于错误源于LLVM命令行选项重复注册，可让ParaView优先加载自身携带的LLVM库：

  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/paraview/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  paraview
  

  注意将/path/to/paraview/lib替换为实际ParaView安装目录下的lib文件夹路径

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者F.Nik