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使用Mockito和JUnit模拟静态方法时出现StackOverflowError

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云上老周
2026-6-18
解决Mockito模拟Math静态方法导致StackOverflowError的问题

我在练习用JUnit和Mockito测试静态方法时遇到了StackOverflowError，场景是测试一个调用Math.pow的计算器方法。

实现类代码 

class LessSimpleCalculatorImp implements LessSimpleCalculator {
    @Override
    public int power(int x, int y) {
        return (int)Math.pow(x, y); // 想验证Math.pow是否被调用
    }
}

测试用例代码 

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class LessSimpleCalculator_Test {
    @Test
    public void test_pow() {
        try(MockedStatic<Math> mockedMath = Mockito.mockStatic(Math.class);) {
            mockedMath.when(() -> Math.pow(3, 2)).thenReturn(9.0);
            int result = lessSimpleCalculator.power(3, 2);
            assertEquals(9, result);
            mockedMath.verify(() -> Math.pow(3, 2), times(1));
        }
    }
}

执行mvn clean test时的错误

运行后抛出StackOverflowError，完整堆栈信息如下：

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Forking command line: /bin/sh -c cd /home/username/Desktop/jarvis/core_java/jdbc && /usr/lib/jvm/java-18-openjdk-amd64/bin/java -jar /home/username/Desktop/jarvis/core_java/jdbc/target/surefire/surefirebooter12164676474631886113.jar /home/username/Desktop/jarvis/core_java/jdbc/target/surefire/surefire5274553330454463948tmp /home/username/Desktop/jarvis/core_java/jdbc/target/surefire/surefire_015841166298835331040tmp
Running ca.jrvs.exercise.mockito.LessSimpleCalculator_Test
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Sharing is only supported for boot loader classes because bootstrap classpath has been appended
*** java.lang.instrument ASSERTION FAILED ***: "!errorOutstanding" with message transform method call failed at ./src/java.instrument/share/native/libinstrument/JPLISAgent.c line: 873
*** java.lang.instrument ASSERTION FAILED ***: "!errorOutstanding" with message transform method call failed at ./src/java.instrument/share/native/libinstrument/JPLISAgent.c line: 873
Exception: java.lang.StackOverflowError thrown from the UncaughtExceptionHandler in thread "main"
Results :

Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  2.105 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-09-19T14:17:59-04:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) on project jrvs-jdbc-exercise: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test failed: The forked VM terminated without saying properly goodbye. VM crash or System.exit called ? -> [Help 1]
org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) on project jrvs-jdbc-exercise: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test failed: The forked VM terminated without saying properly goodbye. VM crash or System.exit called ?
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:215)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:148)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build (SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute (LifecycleStarter.java:128)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:305)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:192)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute (DefaultMaven.java:105)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute (MavenCli.java:957)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain (MavenCli.java:289)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main (MavenCli.java:193)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke (DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Method.java:577)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced (Launcher.java:282)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch (Launcher.java:225)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode (Launcher.java:406)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main (Launcher.java:347)
Caused by: org.apache.maven.plugin.PluginExecutionException: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test failed: The forked VM terminated without saying properly goodbye. VM crash or System.exit called ?
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo (DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:148)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:210)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:148)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build (SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute (LifecycleStarter.java:128)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:305)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:192)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute (DefaultMaven.java:105)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute (MavenCli.java:957)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain (MavenCli.java:289)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main (MavenCli.java:193)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke (DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Method.java:577)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced (Launcher.java:282)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch (Launcher.java:225)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode (Launcher.java:406)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main (Launcher.java:347)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: The forked VM terminated without saying properly goodbye. VM crash or System.exit called ?
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.booterclient.output.ForkClient.close (ForkClient.java:257)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.booterclient.ForkStarter.fork (ForkStarter.java:301)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.booterclient.ForkStarter.run (ForkStarter.java:116)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.executeProvider (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:740)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.executeAllProviders (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:682)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.executeAfterPreconditionsChecked (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:648)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.execute (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:586)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo (DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:137)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:210)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:148)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build (SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute (LifecycleStarter.java:128)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:305)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:192)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute (DefaultMaven.java:105)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute (MavenCli.java:957)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain (MavenCli.java:289)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main (MavenCli.java:193)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke (DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Method.java:577)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced (Launcher.java:282)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch (Launcher.java:225)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode (Launcher.java:406)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main (Launcher.java:347)
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginExecutionException

Maven依赖配置 

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
  <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
  <version>5.13.0</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>4.13.2</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

问题原因与修复方案

核心原因

Mockito模拟Math类时，内部实现触发了循环调用：拦截Math.pow时，某些逻辑又调用了真实的Math方法，导致无限递归引发StackOverflowError。同时存在JUnit版本与Mockito依赖不匹配的问题——使用JUnit 4的@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)，但依赖的是JUnit Jupiter的Mockito包。

修复步骤

  1. 匹配Mockito与JUnit的依赖版本

    • 若继续使用JUnit 4，替换Mockito依赖为mockito-core和mockito-junit4（mockito-junit-jupiter是JUnit 5专用）：
      <dependency>
  <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
  <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
  <version>5.13.0</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
  <artifactId>mockito-junit4</artifactId>
  <version>5.13.0</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>4.13.2</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
    • 或切换到JUnit 5，用@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)替代@RunWith，保留mockito-junit-jupiter依赖。

  2. 通过包装类隔离JDK静态调用
    直接模拟JDK核心类易引发类加载或递归问题，建议用包装类封装Math.pow：

    • 新增包装类：
      class MathWrapper {
    public double pow(int x, int y) {
        return Math.pow(x, y);
    }
}
    • 修改计算器实现，通过构造函数注入包装类：
      class LessSimpleCalculatorImp implements LessSimpleCalculator {
    private MathWrapper mathWrapper;

    public LessSimpleCalculatorImp(MathWrapper mathWrapper) {
        this.mathWrapper = mathWrapper;
    }

    @Override
    public int power(int x, int y) {
        return (int)mathWrapper.pow(x, y);
    }
}
    • 测试时模拟MathWrapper而非Math：
      @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class LessSimpleCalculator_Test {
    @Mock
    private MathWrapper mathWrapper;

    @InjectMocks
    private LessSimpleCalculatorImp lessSimpleCalculator;

    @Test
    public void test_pow() {
        when(mathWrapper.pow(3, 2)).thenReturn(9.0);
        int result = lessSimpleCalculator.power(3, 2);
        assertEquals(9, result);
        verify(mathWrapper, times(1)).pow(3, 2);
    }
}

  3. 升级Maven Surefire插件
    旧版本Surefire插件（2.12.4）与Java 18兼容性差，升级到最新稳定版（如3.2.5）：

    <build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.5</version>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者qwerty_99

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最近更新时间：2026.06.18 04:54:50