如何通过GitHub API/CLI上传制品？不用upload-artifact action，用Python脚本

为什么REST文档中没有直接的「上传制品」方法？ #

GitHub的制品上传并非通过单一REST接口完成，而是分元数据创建和文件上传两个阶段：

1. 先调用接口创建制品的元记录（名称、过期时间等），GitHub会返回一个预签名的上传URL；
2. 再通过这个预签名URL将文件上传到GitHub的存储系统。
   官方REST文档里的Actions Artifacts接口仅负责制品元数据的管理（创建、查询、删除等），实际文件上传是通过返回的预签名URL完成，所以你不会在文档里看到单独的「上传制品」接口。

使用REST API上传制品 #

步骤1：创建制品元数据，获取上传URL #

调用POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/artifacts接口，生成制品记录并拿到上传地址：

import requests

# 配置参数
GITHUB_TOKEN = "你的个人访问令牌（需具备repo权限）"
OWNER = "用户名/组织名"
REPO_NAME = "目标仓库名"
ARTIFACT_NAME = "my-build-artifact"
EXPIRE_DAYS = 7  # 最大支持90天

headers = {
    "Authorization": f"token {GITHUB_TOKEN}",
    "Accept": "application/vnd.github+json"
}

payload = {
    "name": ARTIFACT_NAME,
    "expires_in": EXPIRE_DAYS
}

# 发送请求创建制品元数据
response = requests.post(
    f"https://api.github.com/repos/{OWNER}/{REPO_NAME}/actions/artifacts",
    headers=headers,
    json=payload
)
response.raise_for_status()  # 捕获请求错误
upload_url = response.json()["upload_url"]

步骤2：上传文件到预签名URL #

拿到upload_url后，通过PUT请求上传文件，注意匹配文件的Content-Type：

import os

FILE_PATH = "./build/output.zip"

with open(FILE_PATH, "rb") as file:
    upload_response = requests.put(
        upload_url,
        data=file,
        headers={"Content-Type": "application/zip"}  # 非压缩文件需调整类型
    )
upload_response.raise_for_status()
print(f"制品上传成功，状态码: {upload_response.status_code}")

使用GitHub CLI上传制品 #

GitHub CLI的gh artifact upload命令封装了两步流程，无需手动处理接口调用，更简便：

gh artifact upload "my-build-artifact" --repo OWNER/REPO_NAME --expires-in 7d ./build/output.zip

如果要在Python脚本中调用，可使用subprocess模块：

import subprocess

subprocess.run([
    "gh", "artifact", "upload", ARTIFACT_NAME,
    "--repo", f"{OWNER}/{REPO_NAME}",
    "--expires-in", f"{EXPIRE_DAYS}d",
    FILE_PATH
], check=True)

注意：需提前通过gh auth login完成CLI的身份验证。

制品下载实现 #

用REST API下载 #

调用GET /repos/{OWNER}/{REPO_NAME}/actions/artifacts/{ARTIFACT_ID}/zip接口获取制品压缩包：

ARTIFACT_ID = "1234567"  # 可通过GET /repos/{OWNER}/{REPO_NAME}/actions/artifacts查询所有制品ID

download_response = requests.get(
    f"https://api.github.com/repos/{OWNER}/{REPO_NAME}/actions/artifacts/{ARTIFACT_ID}/zip",
    headers=headers
)
download_response.raise_for_status()

with open("./downloaded-artifact.zip", "wb") as file:
    file.write(download_response.content)

用GitHub CLI下载 #

gh artifact download "my-build-artifact" --repo OWNER/REPO_NAME --output ./downloads/

Python脚本调用示例：

subprocess.run([
    "gh", "artifact", "download", ARTIFACT_NAME,
    "--repo", f"{OWNER}/{REPO_NAME}",
    "--output", "./downloads/"
], check=True)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者red888