Linux下NTFS格式5TB外置硬盘显示半满却提示空间不足的排查求助

大家好，我碰到一个特别费解的问题，想请各位帮忙分析下：

我有一块5TB的外置硬盘，格式是NTFS，已经挂载在Linux系统里了。

用df命令查看硬盘空间，显示还有一半可用：

/dev/sdd1      4883735548 2398731656 2485003892  50% /media/me/DRIVE0

我还特意用df -i检查了inode情况，剩余inode量非常充足：

/dev/sdd1      2485298804  294284 2485004520    1% /media/me/DRIVE0

但不管我往硬盘里写什么内容，系统都提示空间不足，比如最简单的创建空文件：

$ touch /media/me/DRIVE0/test
touch: cannot touch '/media/me/DRIVE0/test': No space left on device

就算用root权限执行也没用。我试过rsync（有时候提示空间不足，有时候看似在复制但之后没文件还报错）、dd、cp等命令，结果都一样。最开始我是用rsync同步文件，传了一部分后开始出现奇怪的空间不足提示，最后就简化成这个最基础的测试了。

我已经运行过ntfsfix，但它没检测到任何问题。另外我还有一块同型号的硬盘，已经快装满了（只剩40GB可用），但往里面写文件完全正常。

现在我实在不知道该怎么排查了，而且目前也没有Windows机器能用来访问这块硬盘。

根据评论里的建议，我用下面的命令获取了SMART信息：

sudo smartctl -d sat,16 -a /dev/sdc

输出如下：

smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-189-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     REDACTED
Serial Number:    REDACTED
LU WWN Device Id: REDACTED
Firmware Version: REDACTED
User Capacity:    5,000,XXX,XXX,XXX bytes [5.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-3 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    REDACTED
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   253   253   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       4841
4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   095   095   000    Old_age   Always       -       5604
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   092   092   000    Old_age   Always       -       5852
10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       230
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       139
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   166   166   000    Old_age   Always       -       102341
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   119   087   000    Old_age   Always       -       33
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Michael