pip install时出现Getting requirements to build wheel错误求助

执行pip install ...时出现以下错误：

Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [40 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\elisa\Desktop\try\try1\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "C:\Users\elisa\Desktop\try\try1\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\elisa\Desktop\try\try1\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 332, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 302, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 318, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 117, in setup
          return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 145, in setup
          _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs)
                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 283, in __init__
          _Distribution.__init__(self, dist_attrs)
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 279, in __init__
          self.finalize_options()
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 635, in finalize_options
          ep(self)
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools_scm\_integration\setuptools.py", line 123, in infer_version
          _assign_version(dist, config)
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools_scm\_integration\setuptools.py", line 58, in _assign_version
          _version_missing(config)
        File "C:\Users\elisa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-x2elmy6z\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools_scm\_get_version_impl.py", line 117, in _version_missing
          raise LookupError(
      LookupError: setuptools-scm was unable to detect version for C:\Users\elisa\Desktop\try\try1.       

      Make sure you're either building from a fully intact git repository or PyPI tarballs. Most other sources (such as GitHub's tarballs, a git checkout without the .git folder) don't contain the necessary metadata and will not work.

      For example, if you're using pip, instead of https://github.com/user/proj/archive/master.zip use git+https://github.com/user/proj.git#egg=proj
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

问题原因 #

setuptools-scm需要从完整Git仓库（含.git文件夹）或PyPI官方包的元数据中读取版本信息，当前安装源缺少这些必要数据，比如：

• 使用了GitHub压缩包链接而非Git仓库地址
• 本地项目目录没有.git文件夹（不是完整Git仓库）
• 项目未添加Git版本标签

解决方法 #

• 从Git仓库直接安装：如果安装GitHub项目，替换压缩包链接为Git克隆地址：

  pip install git+https://github.com/用户名/项目名.git#egg=项目名
  

• 确保本地是完整Git仓库：在本地项目目录执行安装时，确认存在.git文件夹，或先给项目打版本标签：

  git tag v1.0.0  # 替换为实际版本号
  

• 从PyPI安装官方包：若项目已发布到PyPI，直接用包名安装：

  pip install 包名
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者elisa medda