C++代码今日突然编译失败（疑似与iostream相关）

我有一个第三方C++库，在同一台Mac上已经成功编译链接运行了至少一年。期间除了通过Homebrew更新GNU编译器套件到14.2.0版本外，没有修改过任何代码，但现在编译时出现了如下错误：

[  2%] Building CXX object GEMS3K/CMakeFiles/GEMS3K_OBJECT.dir/gdatastream.cpp.o
In file included from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX15.0.sdk/usr/include/_wchar.h:90,
                 from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX15.0.sdk/usr/include/wchar.h:67,
                 from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0/include/c++/14/cwchar:44,
                 from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0/include/c++/14/bits/postypes.h:40,
                 from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0/include/c++/14/iosfwd:42,
                 from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0/include/c++/14/ios:40,
                 from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0/include/c++/14/ostream:40,
                 from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0/include/c++/14/iostream:41,
                 from /Users/jwbullard/Documents/Projects/Modeling/THAMES/src/GEMS3K-standalone/GEMS3K/gdatastream.cpp:29:
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0/lib/gcc/current/gcc/aarch64-apple-darwin23/14/include-fixed/stdio.h:83:8: error: 'FILE' does not name a type
   83 | extern FILE *__stdinp;
      |        ^~~~
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0/lib/gcc/current/gcc/aarch64-apple-darwin23/14/include-fixed/stdio.h:81:1: note: 'FILE' is defined in header '<cstdio>'; this is probably fixable by adding '#include <cstdio>'
   80 | #include <sys/_types/_seek_set.h>
  +++ |+#include <cstdio>
   81 | 

我明白报错是因为缺少<stdio.h>或<cstdio>头文件导致FILE类型未被识别，但有两点困惑：

• 源代码完全没有改动过；
• 我的代码里并没有直接使用FILE，应该是<iostream>或其包含的某个头文件中用到了它。

我推测这是编译器版本更新带来的问题，当前环境配置如下：

• Mac Sonoma 14.7
• Homebrew安装的GCC 14.2.0
• CMake构建输出：

-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 14.2.0
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 14.2.0
-- Checking whether CXX compiler has -isysroot
-- Checking whether CXX compiler has -isysroot - yes
-- Checking whether CXX compiler supports OSX deployment target flag
-- Checking whether CXX compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /opt/homebrew/bin/g++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot
-- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot - yes
-- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag
-- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /opt/homebrew/bin/gcc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Setting build type to 'Release' as none was specified.
-- Building json <-> key-value converter
-- Configuring done (6.4s)
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/xxx/Documents/Projects/Modeling/THAMES/src/GEMS3K-standalone/build

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者JW1966