通过GitHub Actions构建部署Flutter Web应用时遇路径匹配错误

在使用GitHub Actions构建并部署Flutter Web应用时，遇到如下错误：

error: pathspec 'build/web/*' did not match any file(s) known to git

对应的.github/workflows配置文件代码如下：

name: Deploy

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

jobs:
  build-and-deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Set up Flutter
        uses: subosito/flutter-action@v2
        with:
          flutter-version: '3.24.3'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: flutter pub get

      - name: Build Flutter web
        run: |
          echo "SUPABASE_URL=${{ secrets.SUPABASE_URL }}" >> .env
          echo "SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=${{ secrets.SUPABASE_ANON_KEY }}" >> .env
          flutter build web

      - name: Deploy to production branch
        run: |
          git config --local user.email "my email"
          git config --local user.name "my name"
          
          if [ -d "build/web" ]; then
            echo "Build directory exists, proceeding with deployment."
          else
            echo "Build directory does not exist. Build might have failed."
            exit 1
          fi

          echo "Listing contents of build/web:"
          ls -la build/web
          
          git checkout -B production
      
          git rm -rf *
          
          git checkout main "build/web/*"

          echo "Listing contents of production branch after copying:"
          ls -la

          git add .
          git commit -m "Deploy to production"
          git push origin production
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

  deploy-to-server:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: build-and-deploy
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - run: set -eu
      - run: mkdir "$HOME/.ssh"
      - run: echo "${{ secrets.SSH_KEY }}" > "$HOME/.ssh/key"
      - run: chmod 600 "$HOME/.ssh/key"

      - run: |
          rsync -e "ssh -p 20022 -i $HOME/.ssh/key -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" \
          --archive --compress --delete \
          ./build/web/ HERE IS MY SITE

需求逻辑：当main分支有代码推送时，构建Flutter项目，将build/web/下的构建产物迁移到production分支，再从该分支同步到服务器。

错误原因 #

git checkout main "build/web/*"命令无效，因为build/web目录通常会被加入.gitignore，main分支的Git仓库中根本不存在这个路径，Git无法从main分支检出不存在的文件。而构建产物是存在于本地工作区的临时文件，不在Git版本记录里。

修正步骤 #

1. 替换构建产物复制逻辑
   把git checkout main "build/web/*"替换为直接复制本地构建好的文件到production分支的根目录：

   # 原错误代码
   # git checkout main "build/web/*"
   # 替换为
   cp -r build/web/* .
   

2. 调整production分支推送方式
   由于每次构建都是覆盖式更新production分支，推送时需要加上-f强制推送，避免分支历史冲突：

   git push origin production -f
   

3. 修正deploy-to-server任务的同步路径
   当前deploy任务拉取的是main分支，且同步的./build/web/在production分支中不存在（production分支根目录就是构建产物），需要修改为拉取production分支并同步根目录文件：

   deploy-to-server:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build-and-deploy
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
         with:
           ref: production # 指定拉取production分支
   
       - run: set -eu
       - run: mkdir "$HOME/.ssh"
       - run: echo "${{ secrets.SSH_KEY }}" > "$HOME/.ssh/key"
       - run: chmod 600 "$HOME/.ssh/key"
   
       - run: |
           rsync -e "ssh -p 20022 -i $HOME/.ssh/key -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" \
           --archive --compress --delete \
           ./ HERE IS MY SITE # 同步当前根目录的构建产物
   

完整修正后的Deploy to production branch步骤 #

git config --local user.email "my email"
git config --local user.name "my name"

if [ -d "build/web" ]; then
  echo "Build directory exists, proceeding with deployment."
else
  echo "Build directory does not exist. Build might have failed."
  exit 1
fi

echo "Listing contents of build/web:"
ls -la build/web

git checkout -B production

# 清理当前分支所有文件
git rm -rf .

# 复制本地构建产物到当前分支根目录
cp -r build/web/* .

echo "Listing contents of production branch after copying:"
ls -la

git add .
git commit -m "Deploy to production"
git push origin production -f

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Alexandr