如何在特定日期（如周五）跳过GitHub Actions工作流部署任务？

我在GitHub Actions中配置了一套CI/CD流水线，当代码推送到production分支时会触发部署操作。不过，我希望在周五自动执行Docker清理、临时文件删除以及数据库备份等维护任务，在此期间不进行部署，因此需要在周五跳过流水线中的部署任务。同时还希望每日午夜也跳过部署步骤。

当前部署步骤的GitHub Actions工作流配置如下：

deploy:
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
  needs: [pytest] # Deploy only if tests pass
  if: github.ref_name == 'production' && github.event_name == 'push'
  steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
      uses: actions/checkout@v4

    - name: Add SSH Key
      uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.5.3
      with:
        ssh-private-key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}

    - name: Add known hosts
      run: ssh-keyscan -H ${{ secrets.VM_IP }} >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

    - name: Deploy to Production Server
      run: |
        ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no ${{ secrets.VM_USER }}@${{ secrets.VM_IP }} << 'EOF'
          cd /home/${{ secrets.VM_USER }}/client-portal
          git pull origin production
          git checkout production
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml build
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml down --remove-orphans
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml up -d
        EOF

请问如何为该工作流添加条件，在周五或每日午夜跳过此部署步骤？我需要实现周五禁止部署、其他日期正常运行的效果，GitHub Actions中是否支持判断当前星期几并应用对应条件？

GitHub Actions支持通过命令行工具获取当前时间和星期几，以此控制Job的执行条件。以下两种方法可实现需求：

方法一：直接在Job的if条件中添加判断 #

修改deploy Job的if表达式，加入排除周五（date +%u返回5）和午夜时段（date +%H返回00）的逻辑：

deploy:
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
  needs: [pytest] # Deploy only if tests pass
  if: >
    github.ref_name == 'production' && 
    github.event_name == 'push' &&
    $(date +%u) != '5' &&
    $(date +%H) != '00'
  steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
      uses: actions/checkout@v4

    - name: Add SSH Key
      uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.5.3
      with:
        ssh-private-key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}

    - name: Add known hosts
      run: ssh-keyscan -H ${{ secrets.VM_IP }} >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

    - name: Deploy to Production Server
      run: |
        ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no ${{ secrets.VM_USER }}@${{ secrets.VM_IP }} << 'EOF'
          cd /home/${{ secrets.VM_USER }}/client-portal
          git pull origin production
          git checkout production
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml build
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml down --remove-orphans
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml up -d
        EOF

逻辑说明 #

• $(date +%u)：返回当前星期几的数字（1=周一，5=周五，7=周日），判断不等于5则允许执行
• $(date +%H)：返回当前小时的24小时制数字，判断不等于00则排除午夜时段
• 所有条件需同时满足才会触发部署

方法二：先获取时间信息再判断（更直观） #

如果觉得直接在if里写命令不够清晰，可以先通过Step获取时间信息，再用输出作为判断条件：

deploy:
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
  needs: [pytest] # Deploy only if tests pass
  if: >
    github.ref_name == 'production' && 
    github.event_name == 'push'
  steps:
    - name: Get current time info
      id: time_info
      run: |
        echo "weekday=$(date +%u)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
        echo "hour=$(date +%H)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

    - name: Check deployment eligibility
      if: steps.time_info.outputs.weekday == '5' || steps.time_info.outputs.hour == '00'
      run: |
        echo "Skipping deployment: today is Friday or current time is midnight"
        exit 1 # 终止后续步骤执行

    - name: Checkout Code
      uses: actions/checkout@v4

    - name: Add SSH Key
      uses: webfactory/ssh-agent@v0.5.3
      with:
        ssh-private-key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}

    - name: Add known hosts
      run: ssh-keyscan -H ${{ secrets.VM_IP }} >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

    - name: Deploy to Production Server
      run: |
        ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no ${{ secrets.VM_USER }}@${{ secrets.VM_IP }} << 'EOF'
          cd /home/${{ secrets.VM_USER }}/client-portal
          git pull origin production
          git checkout production
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml build
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml down --remove-orphans
          docker compose -f docker-compose.production.yml up -d
        EOF

逻辑说明 #

1. 第一步通过date命令获取当前星期几和小时，写入GITHUB_OUTPUT作为后续步骤的可用变量
2. 第二步判断如果是周五或者午夜，直接输出提示并退出（exit 1），终止后续部署步骤
3. 只有当不满足跳过条件时，才会执行后续的部署流程

注意事项 #

• 时区问题：GitHub Actions Runner默认使用UTC时区，如果你的维护任务是基于本地时区的周五，需要先设置时区，例如在获取时间的Step前添加：

  sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
  

• 若仅需禁止周五部署，去掉小时判断的条件即可

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Adekojo Emmanuel