Python3.8环境下PySide6无法加载Shiboken DLL问题求助（Win7）

我编写了一个PySide6应用，打包为exe后在Windows7上运行失败。排查发现是Python版本问题——原本使用的Python3.12不支持Windows7，该系统最高仅支持Python3.8。于是我安装Python3.8并创建虚拟环境，复制项目文件后安装PySide6，运行应用时出现以下异常：

PySide6/__init__.py: Unable to import Shiboken from D:\FinanceHelper\FinanceHelper, D:\FinanceHelper\FinanceHelper, C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm2024.2\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pycharm_display, C:\Users\xeniy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\python38.zip, C:\Users\xeniy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\DLLs, C:\Users\xeniy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib, C:\Users\xeniy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38, D:\FinanceHelper\FinanceHelper\.venv, D:\FinanceHelper\FinanceHelper\.venv\lib\site-packages, C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm2024.2\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pycharm_matplotlib_backend, C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm2024.2\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pycharm_plotly_backend
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\FinanceHelper\FinanceHelper\main.py", line 3, in <module>
    from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication
  File "D:\FinanceHelper\FinanceHelper\.venv\lib\site-packages\PySide6\__init__.py", line 124, in <module>
    _setupQtDirectories()
  File "D:\FinanceHelper\FinanceHelper\.venv\lib\site-packages\PySide6\__init__.py", line 64, in _setupQtDirectories
    from shiboken6 import Shiboken
  File "D:\FinanceHelper\FinanceHelper\.venv\lib\site-packages\shiboken6\__init__.py", line 27, in <module>
    from shiboken6.Shiboken import *
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing Shiboken: 指定的程序未找到。

shiboken6文件夹内容如下：

我已尝试重新安装库，还安装了旧版本：

pip install PySide6==6.6.3 shiboken6==6.6.3 pyside6-addons==6.6.3 pyside6-essentials==6.6.3
Collecting PySide6==6.6.3
  Obtaining dependency information for PySide6==6.6.3 from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c0/a2/5e70cfd298c33f9d7a658086367999306c09d99eb75b0ad2e042fdc84279/PySide6-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  Using cached PySide6-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata (5.5 kB)
Collecting shiboken6==6.6.3
  Obtaining dependency information for shiboken6==6.6.3 from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/98/06/4f409d6f241f276ac3233023de12d34367af9cfb1bab76bbbdefa8da8182/shiboken6-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  Using cached shiboken6-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata (2.6 kB)
Collecting pyside6-addons==6.6.3
  Obtaining dependency information for pyside6-addons==6.6.3 from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e5/46/1c9e3d93c412f5f712a0c530f128346a1b9cb1e2c6d71040cf8d70a13955/PySide6_Addons-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  Using cached PySide6_Addons-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata (4.2 kB)
Collecting pyside6-essentials==6.6.3
  Obtaining dependency information for pyside6-essentials==6.6.3 from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/5e/84f70f643a9d4de4e302dad3906181ca6c186fed2cf432b22f04869bf290/PySide6_Essentials-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  Using cached PySide6_Essentials-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata (3.8 kB)
Using cached PySide6-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl (520 kB)
Using cached shiboken6-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl (1.1 MB)
Using cached PySide6_Addons-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl (104.1 MB)
Using cached PySide6_Essentials-6.6.3-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl (75.0 MB)
Installing collected packages: shiboken6, pyside6-essentials, pyside6-addons, PySide6
Successfully installed PySide6-6.6.3 pyside6-addons-6.6.3 pyside6-essentials-6.6.3 shiboken6-6.6.3

但以上操作均未解决问题，求能让应用在Windows7上正常运行的解决方案。

1. 降级到Windows7兼容的PySide6版本 #

Qt 6.5及后续版本已停止支持Windows7，你安装的6.6.3版本本身不兼容该系统。需降级到最后支持Windows7的6.4.x分支：

pip uninstall -y PySide6 shiboken6 pyside6-addons pyside6-essentials
pip install PySide6==6.4.3 shiboken6==6.4.3 pyside6-addons==6.4.3 pyside6-essentials==6.4.3

2. 安装Windows7必备系统补丁 #

Windows7需安装KB2533623补丁，该补丁用于支持SHA-2签名的应用和DLL，缺失会导致无法加载新组件。

3. 检查Python3.8安装完整性 #

• 安装Python3.8时务必勾选Add Python to PATH和Install for all users
• 安装后重启电脑，确保环境变量生效
• 在命令行执行python --version和pip --version，确认路径指向Python3.8的虚拟环境

4. 打包时的兼容配置 #

若后续用PyInstaller打包，需注意：

• 使用PyInstaller 5.x版本（6+版本不再支持Windows7）
• 打包命令添加--hidden-import shiboken6参数，确保Shiboken被正确包含
• 手动将虚拟环境中Lib\site-packages\shiboken6和PySide6下的DLL文件复制到打包后的目录

5. 排查缺失的依赖 #

用Dependency Walker工具打开shiboken6\Shiboken.pyd文件，查看具体缺失的DLL，针对性安装对应的系统组件或库。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ксения Манжула